烧结普通砖氡析出参数测量及其对室内氡贡献的定量分析

doi:10.27045/j.1000-8187.202605012

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 氡是人类所受天然辐射照射的主要来源,建筑材料氡析出是室内氡的重要来源,烧结普通砖在我国农村地区楼房建设中的应用极其广泛,是绝对主导的建筑墙体材料。本文采集了10个省份的14个烧结普通砖样品,采用GC3018低本底HPGe γ谱仪测量了样品的镭含量,使用BSD-TD-K全自动真密度及开孔率分析仪测量了样品的孔隙度,使用活性炭密闭腔体法测量了样品的氡析出率和氡射气系数,通过约束建材样品测量厚度,结合源腔室、扩散窗口、累积腔室及RAD7测氡仪测量了样品的氡扩散长度和扩散系数。镭含量均值为48±9 Bq/kg,孔隙度均值为38%±3%,表面氡析出率均值为0.03±0.02 mBq·m^-2·s^-1,射气系数均值为2.2%±1.1%,氡扩散长度均值为0.44±0.10 m,氡扩散系数均值为(0.403±0.165)× 10^-6 m²·s^-1。利用氡析出相关参数结果,结合室内氡预测模型对房屋进行建材氡析出浓度的预测,同时实测房屋室内氡浓度,定量评估建材氡析出贡献,为室内氡污染的防控提供科学依据。结果显示,6个房间预测氡浓度占实测室内氡浓度的平均贡献值为41%±9%,房间一层建材析出氡占室内氡的比值比二层更小,一层比二层更易受土壤氡的影响。

关键词: 室内氡, 氡析出率, 建筑材料, 烧结普通砖

Abstract: Radon is a major contributor to human exposure to natural radiation, and radon exhalation from building materials is an important contributor to indoor radon concentrations. Fired common brick is extensively used in residential buildings in rural areas in China and remains a predominant wall material. In this study, a total of 14 fired common brick samples were collected from 10 provinces in China. The ²²⁶Ra content of the samples was determined using a GC3018 low-background HPGe γ-spectrometer, while porosity was measured using a BSD-TD-K fully automated true density and open porosity analyzer. The radon exhalation rate and radon emanation fraction were measured using the activated carbon sealed chamber method. The radon diffusion length and diffusion coefficient were determined by controlling the thickness of the building material samples using an integrated system including a source chamber, diffusion window, accumulation chamber, and RAD7 radon detector. The mean ²²⁶Ra content of fired common brick was 48 ± 9 Bq/kg, and the mean porosity was 38%±3%. The mean surface radon exhalation rate was 0.03 ± 0.02 mBq·m^-2·s^-1, and the radon emanation fraction was 2.2%±1.1%. The mean radon diffusion length was 0.44±0.10 m, and the radon diffusion coefficient was (0.403±0.165)×10^-6 m²·s^-1. Based on the measured radon exhalation parameters, an indoor radon concentration prediction model was applied to estimate the indoor radon concentration attributable to radon exhalation from building materials. Indoor radon concentrations were also measured in the investigated rooms to quantitatively evaluate the contribution of building materials to indoor radon. The results showed that the average contribution of radon exhalation from building materials to the measured indoor radon concentration was 41%±9% across the six rooms. The contribution of radon exhalation from building materials was lower on the first floor than on the second floor, indicating that first-floor rooms were more strongly affected by radon originating from the underlying soil.

Key words: indoor radon, radon exhalation rate, building materials, fired common brick

中图分类号:

X591

丁博威, 武云云, 宋延超, 孙浩然, 李佳璐, 侯长松. 烧结普通砖氡析出参数测量及其对室内氡贡献的定量分析[J]. 辐射防护, 2026, 46(5): 478-484.

DING Bowei, WU Yunyun, SONG Yanchao, SUN Haoran, LI Jialu, HOU Changsong. Measurement of radon exhalation parameters in fired common brick and its contribution to indoor radon[J]. RADIATION PROTECTION, 2026, 46(5): 478-484.

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