煤矿通风网络的氡浓度解算与调控研究

doi:10.27045/j.1000-8187.202605011

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为确保井下氡浓度处于安全水平,给出了基于节点风量平衡原理和氡浓度分布数学模型的井下氡浓度解算方法,以及支路氡浓度超限值时的调控方法。以陕西某煤矿矿井作为研究对象,采用数值解算与现场测量相结合的方法,根据该矿井通风网络构造,在综采面回风口、进风口与主要干道位置设置测氡点位,根据测量结果计算氡析出率,再结合各支路风量、支路断面尺寸与支路长度等参数,计算获得通风网络各支路的氡浓度数据。当某一支路氡浓度超过限值时,通过对浓度超限区域实施反演计算,解算获得满足安全阈值的通风需求量并根据计算结果进行调控,使支路氡浓度降到安全范围内。经现场实测5个节点验证,氡浓度解算结果与实测数据偏差绝对值在11%以内,且根据解算结果采取的调控措施达到了预期水平,验证了解算结果的可靠性。该研究结果可为矿井氡气防控提供理论参考。

关键词: 煤矿, 氡浓度, 通风网络, 浓度解算

Abstract: The most prominent radioactive occupational hazard factor in non-uranium mines such as coal mines is excessive exposure to radon underground. To obtain the overall radon concentration data of the coal mine ventilation network and ensure that the underground radon concentration is within a safe level, a method for calculating the underground radon concentration based on the principle of node air volume balance and the mathematical model of radon concentration distribution, as well as the regulation method when the radon concentration in a branch exceeds the limit, was studied. Taking a certain mine in Shaanxi as the research object, through the combination of numerical calculation and on-site testing, radon measurement points were first set up at the return air outlet, intake air outlet and main passage of the fully mechanized mining face according to the ventilation network structure of the mine, and the radon exhalation rate was calculated based on the measurement results. Then, combined with the air volume, cross-sectional size and length of each branch, the radon concentration data for each branch in the ventilation network were calculated. When the radon concentration in a certain branch exceeded the limit, the ventilation demand to meet the safety threshold was calculated by reverse calculation in the concentration-exceeding area, and the regulation was carried out according to the calculation to bring the radon concentration in the branch back to a safe range. Verified by on-site measurements at 5 nodes, the absolute deviation between the radon concentration calculation results and the measured data is within 11%, and the regulation measures taken based on the calculation results successfully reached the expected level, verifying the reliability of the calculation results. The research results can provide theoretical reference for the prevention and control of radon gas in mines.

Key words: coal mine, radon concentration, ventilation network, concentration solution

中图分类号:

TD72

范治豪, 马威, 杨俊磊. 煤矿通风网络的氡浓度解算与调控研究[J]. 辐射防护, 2026, 46(5): 469-476.

FAN Zhihao, MA Wei, YANG Junlei. Study on numerical calculation and regulation of radon concentration in coal mine ventilation networks[J]. RADIATION PROTECTION, 2026, 46(5): 469-476.

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