工业废渣协同水泥固化放射性独居石废渣的配比与机理研究

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 采用水泥粉、粉煤灰、矿渣粉、石灰为固化材料,放射性独居石废渣为固化对象,设置4因素3水平正交试验,研究了不同配比下固化体的无侧限抗压强度、U和Th浸出率、抗冻融性能、酸中和容量的变化规律,并通过模糊优选理论筛选出最优固化配比,利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、傅里叶变换红外光谱仪(FTIR)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)进行了固化机理分析。试验结果表明,放射性独居石废渣与固化材料的渣固比对固化体的无侧限抗压强度和抗冻融性能影响最大,粉煤灰掺量对U浸出率影响最大,各因素对固化体酸中和容量影响处于同一水平,固化体Th浸出率受各因素影响较小。以无侧限抗压强度、U浸出率、抗冻融次数、酸中和容量及固化成本作为模糊优选指标,通过模糊优选理论得出粉煤灰掺量固定为15%、矿渣粉掺量为15%~25%、渣固比为1.0~1.4时,固化体参数满足《低、中水平放射性固化体性能要求水泥固化体》的要求,处理成本合理。固化处理后独居石废渣孔隙消失,结构变得致密,强度更高。

关键词: 放射性独居石废渣, 固化, 正交试验, 模糊优选, 机理分析

Abstract: Cement powder, fly ash, slag powder, and lime were used as curing materials to immobilize radioactive monazite waste. A 4-factor 3-level orthogonal experiment was conducted to study the variation patterns of unconfined compressive strength, uranium (U) and thorium (Th) leaching rates, freeze-thaw resistance, and acid neutralization capacity under different mix ratios. The optimal curing ratio was selected through fuzzy optimization theory, with curing mechanisms analyzed via XRD, FTIR, and SEM. Experimental results demonstrated that the slag-to-curing material ratio had the greatest impact on unconfined compressive strength and freeze-thaw resistance, while fly ash dosage significantly affected U leaching toxicity. All factors showed similar impacts on acid neutralization capacity, whereas Th leaching toxicity remained relatively unaffected. Using unconfined compressive strength, U leaching rate, freeze-thaw cycles, acid neutralization capacity, and curing cost as fuzzy optimization indicators,It is concluded through the fuzzy optimization that when the content of fly ash is fixed at 15%, the content of slag is in the range of 15%~25%, the content of lime is in the range of 2.5%~5.0%, and the slag-solid ratio is in the range of 1.0~1.4, the solidified body meet the requirements specified in Performance Requirements for Solidified Forms of Low and Intermediate Level Radioactive Waste-Cement Solidified Forms (GB 14569.1—2011)with a reasonable treatment cost.Post-curing treatment resulted in pore elimination, structural densification, and enhanced strength in the monazite waste solidification body.

Key words: radioactive monazite waste residue, solidification, orthogonal test, fuzzy optimization, mechanism analysis

中图分类号:

TL942+.1

高扬, 孙娟, 刘晓超, 刘艳梅, 吴尚文, 安毅夫. 工业废渣协同水泥固化放射性独居石废渣的配比与机理研究[J]. 辐射防护, 2026, 46(1): 47-57.

GAO Yang, SUN Juan, LIU Xiaochao, LIU Yanmei, WU Shangwen, AN Yifu. Study on the proportioning and mechanism of industrial waste residue synergistic cement solidification of radioactive monazite waste residue[J]. RADIATION PROTECTION, 2026, 46(1): 47-57.

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