退役铀矿区铀富集植物的筛选研究

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 植物修复因其原位修复、易于操作、成本低廉、对环境友好等特点被提出,植物修复技术关键在于筛选适宜的富集植物。通过野外调查与采样、室内盆栽模拟筛选和现场种植实验的方法,对候选植物的铀富集因子(F_V)、转运因子(f_tr)等进行排序,筛选出铀的富集植物。结果显示,野外调查与采样发现芦苇、苞子草的F_V>1,是可用于铀污染严重地区的生态修复潜在植物;盆栽模拟实验筛选到了6种铀富集植物(F_V>1),分别是鬼针草、秋葵、牛筋草、龙葵、鸭跖草和黑麦草,反枝苋F_V<1,但f_tr>1。将筛选出的植物和文献推荐的植物用于现场种植实验,结果表明:牛筋草、苏丹草和芥菜的F_V>1,f_tr<1,花生的F_V<1,f_tr>1,是可用于铀植物修复研究的候选者。综合三种方法共筛选到10种放射性核素铀的富集植物(F_V>1),分别是芦苇、苞子草、苏丹草、芥菜、鬼针草、秋葵、牛筋草、龙葵、鸭跖草和黑麦草,未来以期通过基因工程、育种及相关农艺管控等技术提高这10种植物和反枝苋、花生的修复潜力。

关键词: 铀污染, 植物修复, 植物筛选, 富集因子, 转运因子

Abstract: Phytoremediation has been proposed due to its characteristics such as in-situ remediation, ease of operation, low cost, and environmental friendliness. The key to phytoremediation technology lies in screening suitable hyperaccumulator plants. This study employed methods including field investigation and sampling, indoor potted plant simulation screening, and field planting experiments to rank the uranium concentration factor (F_V) and translocation factor (f_tr) of candidate plants. The results showed that field investigation and sampling identified Phragmites australis and Themeda caudatahad as having F_V>1, making them potential plants for ecological restoration in severely uranium-contaminated areas. The pot experiment screened six uranium hyperaccumulator plants (F_V>1), namely Bidens pilosa, Abelmoschus esculentus, Eleusine indica, Solanum nigrum, Commelina communis and Lolium perenne, while Amaranthus retroflexus had F_V<1 but f_tr>1. The field planting experiment results indicated that Eleusine indica, Sorghum sudanense and Brassica juncea had F_V>1 and f_tr<1, whereas Arachis hypogaea had F_V<1 and f_tr>1, making them candidates for uranium phytoremediation research. Combining the three methods, a total of ten hyperaccumulator plants for the radionuclide uranium (F_V>1) were identified: Phragmites australis and Themeda caudatahad, Bidens pilosa, Abelmoschus esculentus, Eleusine indica, Solanum nigrum, Commelina communis, Lolium perenne, Sorghum sudanense and Brassica juncea. It is anticipated that future efforts involving genetic engineering, breeding, and related agronomic management techniques will enhance the remediation potential of these ten plants, as well as Amaranthus retroflexus and Arachis hypogaea.

Key words: uranium contamination, phytoremediation, plant soreening, concentration factor, translocation factor

中图分类号:

X591

乔新燕, 吴仁杰, 原寒, 王欣妮, 冯青靓, 张超, 贡文静, 曹少飞. 退役铀矿区铀富集植物的筛选研究[J]. 辐射防护, 2026, 46(1): 37-46.

QIAO Xinyan, WU Renjie, YUAN Han, WANG Xinni, FENG Qingliang, ZHANG Chao, GONG Wenjing, CAO Shaofei. Screening research of uranium concentration plants in decommissioned uranium mine[J]. RADIATION PROTECTION, 2026, 46(1): 37-46.

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