核电站低放废物集中减容处理技术探讨

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 本文简述了国内核电站放射性废物的管理现状及对废物高效减容的迫切需求。针对放射性废物减容的需求,对国内外高效减容工艺技术开展调研,分析各种工艺的技术特征,对兼顾经济与环保效益的放射性废物集中减容处理技术进行探索,发现等离子体处理技术具备明显优势,提出了一种组合减容技术路线,为国内放射性废物管理工作提供参考。

关键词: 核电站, 低放废物, 集中减容

Abstract: This article describes the current status of radioactive waste management and the urgent needs for efficient and concentrative volume reduction of radioactive waste in domestic nuclear power plant. The research progress of efficient volume reduction technologies are reviewed and the characteristic of technologies are analyzed to explore the efficient and centralized technology with economic and environmental benefits. This article finds that plasma processing technology has obvious advantages, and proposes a combination volume reduction technology route to provide the technology reference for domestic radioactive waste management.

Key words: nuclear power plant, low level radioactive waste, concentrative volume reduction

中图分类号:

TL941+.3

郑伟, 王朝晖, 林鹏, 周东升, 乔宝权, 邹利平, 刘夏杰. 核电站低放废物集中减容处理技术探讨[J]. 辐射防护, 2021, 41(4): 295-301.

ZHENG Wei, WANG Zhaohui, LIN Peng, ZHOU Dongsheng, QIAO Baoquan, ZOU Liping, LIU Xiajie. Discussion on the concentrative volume reduction technology of low level radioactive waste of nuclear power plant[J]. RADIATION PROTECTION, 2021, 41(4): 295-301.

参考文献

[1] 毛莉.核电厂放射性废物处理技术的应用[J].中国高新技术企业,2012, (26):108-110.
MAO Li. Application of radioactive waste treatment technology in nuclear power plant[J].China High-Tech Enterprises,2012, (26):108-110.
[2] 刘佩,刘昱,姚兵,等. 核电厂离堆放射性废物处理方案浅析[J]. 核动力工程,2013, 34(5):149-152.
LIU Pei, LIU Yu, YAO Bin, et al.Analysis of radwaste treatment localization scheme at nuclear power plants[J]. Nuclear Power Engineering,2013, 34(5):149-152.
[3] 胡冬梅,张良,张永领. 核设施退役放射性废物最少化实践[J]. 辐射防护通讯,2012,32(1):12-15.
HU Dongmei, ZHANG Liang, ZHANG Yongling.Radioactive waste minimization practices in decommissioning of nuclear facilities[J]. Radiation Protection Bulletin,2012,32(1):12-15.
[4] SHENG Jiawei. Vitrification of borate waste from nuclear power plant using coal fly ash (I) glass formulation development [J]. Fuel, 2001,80: 1365-1369.
[5] 马鹏勋,侯明军,何李源. 三门核电站放射性固体废物管理[J]. 辐射防护通讯,2008,20(2): 32-35.
MA Pengxun, HOU Mingjun, HE Liyuan. Management of solid radioactive waste at SMNPC[J].Radiation Protection Bulletin,2008,20(2): 32-35.
[6] 宋云,陈明周,刘夏杰,等. 低中水平放射性固体废物玻璃固化熔融炉综述[J]. 工业炉,2012,34(2):16-20.
SONG Yun,CHEN Mingzhou,LIU Xiajie, et al. Summarize of smelting furnace for vitrification of low and intermediate level radioactive solid wastes[J].Industrial Furnace,2012,34(2):16-20.
[7] 李斗,林力,马兴均,等. 放射性废物蒸汽重整处理及矿化技术发展现状及展望[J]. 科技创新导报, 2015,18: 6-10.
LI Dou, LIN Li, MA Xingjun,et al. Development status and prospect of steam reforming and mineralization technology for radioactive waste[J]. Science and Technology Innovation Herald, 2015,18: 6-10.
[8] 林鹏,刘夏杰,陈明周,等. 热处理技术在核电厂放射性废物处理中的应用研究进展[J]. 环境工程, 2013,31(S): 537-542.
LIN Peng, LIU Xiajie, CHEN Mingzhou, et al. Application progress of thermal treatment techniques for disposal of radioactive waste in nuclear power plant[J]. Environmental Engineering, 2013,31(S): 537-542.
[9] 罗上庚. 放射性废物的最少化[J]. 辐射防护, 2000,20(5): 308-311.
LUO Shanggeng. On the radioactive waste minimization[J]. Radiation Protection, 2000,20(5): 308-311.
[10] 国家核安全局.核设施放射性废物最小化:HAD 401/08—2016[S].2016.
[11] 赵亚珂.应用焚烧技术处理核电厂放射性固体废物的技术经济分析[J].科技展望,2015,25:86.
ZHAO Yake. Technical and economic analysis of incineration in nuclear power plant solid radioactive waste treatment[J]. Science and Technology,2015,25:86.
[12] 吕军. AP1000核电机组离堆废物处理方案探讨[J]. 核动力工程,2010, 31(6):123-126.
LU Jun. Discussion on design scheme of AP1000 's radioactive waste treatment[J].Nuclear Power Engineering,2010, 31(6):123-126.
[13] Philip A. Marrone Supercritical water oxidation -Current status of full-scale commercial activity for waste destruction [J]. J of Supercritical Fluids, 2013,79: 283-288.

[1]	郑伟, 乔宝权, 林鹏, 周东升, 邹利平, 王朝晖, 陈俊杰, 刘夏杰. 放射性废物超级压缩装置研制及性能试验[J]. 辐射防护, 2021, 41(1): 58-63.
[2]	姜孔华, 刘晗晗, 田庆, 孙开斌. 田湾核电基地一期工程1、2号机组运行流出物排放致公众剂量十年评价(2007—2016年)[J]. 辐射防护, 2020, 40(1): 31-37.
[3]	谭美, 郭健, 张进才, 陈刚. 浮动核电站堆舱舷侧与底部辐射分区研究[J]. 辐射防护, 2020, 40(1): 16-22.
[4]	侯炳君, 赵鸿翮, 韦应靖, 李中华. 田湾核电站弱贯穿辐射调查与个人剂量监测[J]. 辐射防护, 2020, 40(1): 1-9.
[5]	杨俊武,周良发,高兴,伦振明,刘强,周智慧,徐强,李魏. 燃料组件破损情况下压水堆核电站的辐射防护监测和控制[J]. 辐射防护, 2019, 39(5): 365-371.
[6]	李华, 李健南, 郭杰, 廖彤. 阳江核电站液态流出物对阳江海域环境影响的计算模拟[J]. 辐射防护, 2019, 39(4): 267-273.
[7]	刘建琴, 魏方欣, 安鸿翔, 熊小伟. 低放固体废物核素活度浓度上限值的推导[J]. 辐射防护, 2019, 39(3): 221-227.
[8]	俞杰, 杜建兴, 王龙江, 李永国, 马英, 乔太飞, 李彦樟. 环己烷在碘吸附器活性炭床上的解吸行为研究[J]. 辐射防护, 2018, 38(3): 222-227.
[9]	姜子英, 张燕齐, 温保印, 廖海涛, 李红. 球床高温气冷堆核电站放射性废物最小化策略研究[J]. 辐射防护, 2018, 38(2): 161-170.
[10]	刘铁军, 孙学强. 田湾核电基地废物最小化[J]. 辐射防护, 2018, 38(1): 58-64.
[11]	刘晗晗, 姜孔华, 王志兵, 孙开斌. 田湾核电站附近海域海水中¹³⁷Cs活度浓度分析与评价[J]. 辐射防护, 2017, 37(5): 369-373.
[12]	唐邵华, 吕炜枫, 刘杰, 熊军, 黄倩倩. 核电站三维剂量场评价系统的开发及应用[J]. 辐射防护, 2017, 37(5): 347-354.
[13]	刘羽, 牛俐珺, 李永国, 唐邵华, 霍明, 史英霞, 丘丹圭, 王志民, 乔太飞, 吴波. 不同工况下活性炭吸附放射性惰性气体性能的初步研究[J]. 辐射防护, 2017, 37(4): 298-302.
[14]	黄东辉, 柳加成, 袁之伦, 李宏宇, 张艳霞, 岳会国. 浅析中美核电站环境监测的通用要求[J]. 辐射防护, 2016, 36(4): 244-248.
[15]	倪卫冲, 何必胜, 高国林, 马秀娟, 杨金政, 李素岐, 刘鸿诗, 胡丹, 赵顺平, 王景丹. 三门核电站地区环境辐射本底航空测量调查[J]. 辐射防护, 2016, 36(2): 104-111.