钚作业人群流行病学研究进展

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 随着核技术的发展,钚逐渐成为核燃料系统中的主要核素,从事钚作业的人员逐年增加。但钚的健康效应尚需要进一步的明确。世界上一些核大国针对钚接触的工作人员的健康效应做了一些流行病学研究。不同设施的钚作业人员的研究结果不尽相同。前苏联Mayak工作人员的钚内照射剂量相对较高,其队列研究具有足够的统计能力;而美国、英国低水平钚辐射暴露的队列研究尚未确认剂量与效应的关系。钚作业人群的流行病学研究的可靠性取决于器官剂量估算的准确性。我国关于钚作业人员的健康效应的研究与世界上其他核大国还有一定的差距。本文就国外核大国关于钚作业人群的流行病学研究进展进行综述,期望为我国开展钚作业人员的远后健康效应研究提供思路。

关键词: 钚, 工作人员, 流行病学, 健康效应

Abstract: With the development of nuclear technology, plutonium has gradually become the main nuclides in the nuclear fuel system, and the number of people engaged in plutonium operations has increased year on year. However, the health effects of plutonium need to be further determined. Some nuclear powers in the world have conducted some epidemiological studies on the health effects of workers exposed to plutonium. The research results are different for plutonium workers in different facilities. The Mayak workers had a relatively high dose of internal radiation exposure, and the cohort studies had sufficient statistical capacity. However, the cohort study of low-level plutonium radiation exposure in the United States and the United Kingdom had not determined the dose-effect relationship. The reliability of epidemiological studies for plutonium workers depends on the accuracy of internal organ dose assessment. There is still a certain gap between China and other major nuclear powers in the world about the research on the health effects of plutonium workers. It is expected to provide research ideas for the long-term health effects of the plutonium workers in China through this review.

Key words: plutonium, workers, epidemiology, health effect

中图分类号:

R136

古晓娜, 王仲文, 刘占旗, 苏丽霞. 钚作业人群流行病学研究进展[J]. 辐射防护, 2021, 41(4): 289-294.

GU Xiaona, WANG Zhongwen, LIU Zhanqi, SU Lixia. Research progress of epidemiology on plutonium workers[J]. RADIATION PROTECTION, 2021, 41(4): 289-294.

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