日本高放废液玻璃固化技术

辐射防护 ›› 2020, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (1): 67-77.

日本高放废液玻璃固化技术

卢嘉炜¹, 郭子方¹, 吴志豪¹, 陈耿¹, 翁汉钦¹, 林铭章¹, 陈晓丽², 周强²

1.中国科学技术大学物理学院,安徽合肥 230027;
2.中核四川环保工程有限责任公司,四川广元 628000

收稿日期:2019-06-25 发布日期:2020-05-15
作者简介:卢嘉炜 (1995—),女,2018年毕业于西南科技大学辐射防护与核安全专业,目前硕士在读于中国科学技术大学核能与核技术专业。E-mail:lujiawei@mail.ustc.edu.cn
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(11775214)。

Vitrification technologies of high level radioactive liquid waste in Japan

LU Jiawei¹, GUO Zifang¹, WU Zhihao¹, CHEN Geng¹, WENG Hanqin¹, LIN Mingzhang^1*, CHEN Xiaoli², ZHOU Qiang²

1.School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027;
2.Sichuan Environment and Protection Engineering Co Ltd, CNNC, Sichuan Guangyuan 628000

Received:2019-06-25 Published:2020-05-15

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 本文介绍了日本东海后处理厂和六所村后处理厂的玻璃固化设施和运行情况,以及针对当前玻璃固化中出现的熔炉底部出料口堵塞、乏燃料储存池泄露等问题,日本在固化设施、运行方式、原料组分等方面采取的措施。在未来的研究计划中,日本将侧重于低放废物玻璃固化研究的标准制定,冷坩埚以及等离子体固化等先进技术的研发,同时加强配方研究及先进工艺流程的开发,从而实现玻璃固化的减容性和经济性,其经验和教训对我国玻璃固化的发展有重要的借鉴意义。

关键词: 高放废液, 玻璃固化, 日本

Abstract: This paper mainly introduces the vitrification facilities and operation of reprocessing plants in Tokai and Rokkasho, as well as the improvement measures taken in Japan in terms of vitrification facilities, operation methods and raw material components in solving the problems like blockage of outlet at bottom of furnace, and leakage of spent fuel storage pool during the current vitrification process. In future research projects, Japan will focus on developing standards for low level radioactive waste vitrification and developing advanced technologies such as cold crucible and plasma vitrification. In the same time, Japan will strengthen the research on formulas and advanced processes to achieve the capacity reduction and economy of vitrification. Japan’s experience and lessons learned are of great significance to the development of vitrification in China.

Key words: high level liquid waste, vitrification, Japan

中图分类号:

TL941+.113

卢嘉炜, 郭子方, 吴志豪, 陈耿, 翁汉钦, 林铭章, 陈晓丽, 周强. 日本高放废液玻璃固化技术[J]. 辐射防护, 2020, 40(1): 67-77.

LU Jiawei, GUO Zifang, WU Zhihao, CHEN Geng, WENG Hanqin, LIN Mingzhang, CHEN Xiaoli, ZHOU Qiang. Vitrification technologies of high level radioactive liquid waste in Japan[J]. RADIATION PROTECTION, 2020, 40(1): 67-77.

参考文献

[1] Nuclear Energy Economics and Policy Analysis. Nuclear Waste Management [DB/OL]. https://ocw.mit.edu/courses/nuclear-engineering/22-812j-managing-nuclear-technology-spring-2004/lecture-notes/lec20slides.pdf.
[2] Medlock, Kenneth B, Hartley R. The role of nuclear power in enhancing Japan's energy security [M]. James A. Baker III Institute, Rice University, 2004.
[3] 谭宏斌, 李玉香. 放射性废物固化方法综述 [J]. 环境科学导刊, 2004, 23(4):1-3.
TAN Hongbin,LI Yuxiang. Summary of solidification measures of radioactive waste [J]. Environmental Science Survey, 2004, 23(4):1-3.
[4] Ojovan M I, Lee W E. An introduction to nuclear waste immobilisation [J]. Materials Today, 2006, 9(3):55.
[5] 高度情報科学技術研究機構. 高レベル廃液ガラス固化処理の研究開発 [EB/OL]. http://www.rist.or.jp/atomica/data/dat_detail.php?Title_No=05-01-02-04.
[6] Atsushi A, Tetsuo K, Kazuhiko T. Glass melter replacement and melter technology development in the Tokai vitrification facility [C]. 12th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering, 2004.
[7] Sakai A. Evaluation of glass melter operation using highly simulated waste for commercial scale vitirification [C]. 5th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering, 1997.
[8] Yoshioka M, Torata S, Igarashi J, et al. Glass melter and process development for PNC Tokai vitrification facility [J]. Waste Management, 1992,(1):7-16.
[9] Takahashi M. Evaluation of glass melter operation using highly simulated waste for TVF [C]. Proceedings of the International Meeting on Nuclear and Hazardous Waste Management, 1990.
[10] 罗上庚. 玻璃固化国际现状及发展前景 [J]. 硅酸盐通报, 2003, 22(1):42-48.
LUO Shanggeng. Status and prospect of vitrification technology [J]. Bulletin of The Chinese Ceramic Society,2003, 22(1):42-48.
[11] 陈亚君, 陆燕. 国外高放废液玻璃固化技术概览 [J]. 国外核新闻, 2018,(2):27-31.
CHEN Yajun,LU yan. Overview of curing technology of high-level liquid waste glass abroad [J]. Foreign Nuclear News, 2018,(2):27-31.
[12] 日本原燃株式会社.ガラス固化設備について [EB/OL]. http://www.iae.or.jp/wp/wpcontent/uploads/2014/09/cycle_201308/03_attachment/attachment_02_r.pdf.
[13] Senba Y, Isozaki K, Yoshioka M. Fully remote maintenance system in Tokai vitrification facility [R]. Thomas Telford, 1999.
[14] Tsuboya T, Akasaka, Minato K. The Japanese vitrification program [C]. Proceeding of the Symposium on Waste Management at Tucson Arizona, 1988.
[15] Sasaki N. Advances in Vitrification Techniques in Japan [C]. International topical meeting on nuclear and hazardous waste management spectrum, 1986(86).
[16] Sasaki N, Karino M, Kashihara H, et al. Solidification of the high-level liquid waste from the Tokai reprocessing plant [C]. Fuel Reprocessing and Waste Management, American Nuclear Society, 1984.
[17] Sugiyama, Hiroshi, Moriya, et al. Mock-up test for development of an advanced melter [C]. Proceedings of global 2011, Paper No. 442223,2011.
[18] 高度情報科学技術研究機構. 東海再処理工場 [EB/OL]. http://www.rist.or.jp/atomica/data/dat_detail.php?Title_No=04-07-03-06.
[19] 小坂哲生, 冨永節夫. ガラス固化技術開発施設(TVF)における溶融炉技術開発[N]. サイクル機構技報 / 核燃料サイクル開発機構技術展開部技術協力課, 2005-09.
[20] 智勇. 日本玻璃固化设施恢复运行 [J]. 国外核新闻, 1996,(1):22-22.
ZHI Yong. Restoration of glass curing facilities in Japan [J]. Foreign Nuclear News, 1996,(1):22-22.
[21] Pegg I L, Hao G, Keith M, et al. Mitigation of yellow phase formation at the rokkasho HLW vitrification facility [C]. Proceedings of Waste Management 2010 Conference, Paper No.10107, 2010.
[22] Nuclear Waste Management Organization of Japan. A quarter century of nuclear waste management in Japan [DB/OL]. http://large.stanford.edu/courses/2017/ph241/solitario1/docs/masuda.pdf.
[23] 李韡. 日本核燃料循环设施建造的现状 [J]. 国外核新闻, 2003,(9):21-24.
LI Wei. Current situation of nuclear fuel cycle facility construction in Japan [J]. Foreign Nuclear News, 2003,(9):21-24.
[24] 高度情報科学技術研究機構. 六ヶ所再処理工場 [EB/OL]. http://www.rist.or.jp/atomica/data/dat_detail.php?Title_No=04-07-03-07.
[25] 河村拓己, 伊藤啓, 堺公明. ガラス固化溶融炉における白金族元素粒子挙動解析 [J]. 日本原子力学会和文論文誌, 2008,(1):297-307.
Takumi K, Kei I, Takaaki S. Numerical analysis of platinum group particle behavior in vitrication melter [J]. Transactions of the Atomic Energy Society of Japan, 2008,(1):297-307.
[26] 原子力資料情報室. 六所村后处理厂Nuke Info东京98号废旧燃料储存池的焊接不良 [EB/OL]. http://www.cnic.jp/english/?p=628.
[27] 原子力資料情報室. 六所村后处理厂泄漏150升HLW玻璃化设施核武信息东京第129号 [EB/OL]. http://www.cnic.jp/english/?p=1974
[28] 原子力資料情報室. 六所村后处理厂:玻璃化问题继续Nuke Info东京第125号 [EB/OL]. http://www.cnic.jp/english/?p=1233.
[29] Japan Nuclear Fuel Limited. Causes of and countermeasures against degradation of discharge flow during operation confirmation of system B of the glass melter [EB/OL]. https://www.jnfl.co.jp/en/business/reprocessing/file/cause-and-measures.pdf.
[30] World Nuclear News. Further delay to completion of Rokkasho facilities [EB/OL]. http://www.world-nuclear-news.org/WR-Further-delay-to-completion-of- Rokkasho-facilities-2812174.html.
[31] 李韡. 日本将开发玻璃固化新技术 [J]. 国外核新闻, 2008,(10):29-29.
LI Wei. Japan will develop new glass curing technology [J]. Foreign Nuclear News, 2008,(10):29-29.
[32] Yoshioka M, Karino M, Endo N, et al. Review of melter technology and vitrification process for TVF [C]. Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Nuclear Fuel Reprocessing and Waste Management, 1991.
[33] Japan Nuclear Fuel Limited. Regarding the development status of the new glass melter [EB/OL]. https://www.jnfl.co.jp/en/business/reprocessing/file/development-glass-melter.pdf.
[34] Tochigi Y. Thermal flow analysis for design and development of advanced vitrification melter [C]. Proceedings of global 2011, Paper No. 387290, 2011.