经口罩过滤后的铀矿尘颗粒物呼吸暴露剂量评价

辐射防护 ›› 2019, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (1): 13-18.

经口罩过滤后的铀矿尘颗粒物呼吸暴露剂量评价

叶勇军^1,2, 吴文浩¹, 李志¹, 尹安松¹, 丁德馨²

1.南华大学资源环境与安全工程学院,湖南衡阳 421001;
2.南华大学铀矿冶生物技术国防重点学科实验室,湖南衡阳 421001

收稿日期:2018-04-09 出版日期:2019-01-20 发布日期:2019-11-08
作者简介:叶勇军(1979—),男,2002 年毕业于南华大学建筑环境与设备工程专业,2005 年毕业于南华大学供热供燃气通风及空调工程专业,获硕士学位,2015 年毕业于南华大学采矿工程专业,获博士学位,教授。 E-mail:yongjunye@163.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金面上项目(11575080);国家安全生产监督管理总局安全生产重大事故防治关键技术科技项目(hunan-0015-2015AQ),南华大学博士科研启动基金(2015XQD38)。

Risk assessment of respiratory exposure from uraniummine dust after using masks

YE Yongjun^1,2, WU Wenhao¹, LI Zhi¹, YIN Ansong¹, DING Dexin²

1.School of Resource Environment and Safety Engineering, University of South China, Hunan Hengyang 421001;
2.Key Discipline Laboratory for National Defense for Biotechnology in Uranium andHydrometallurgy University of South China, Hunan Hengyang 421001

Received:2018-04-09 Online:2019-01-20 Published:2019-11-08

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 铀矿尘中含有大量的长寿命α放射性核素,其对铀矿井下工人内照射剂量具有不容忽视的贡献。为研究经两种常用口罩过滤后的铀矿尘颗粒物的呼吸暴露风险,本文采用铀矿尘颗粒物的呼吸暴露风险评价模型和经两种常用口罩过滤后的铀矿尘颗粒物的粒径和浓度监测数据,对南方某铀矿井下工人进行了呼吸暴露风险评价,计算了铀矿尘颗粒物的呼吸暴露剂量和暴露风险指数。结果表明:1)在铀矿井下各典型作业场所中,独头巷道、采场和主风机房是铀矿井下工人所受呼吸暴露剂量较大的主要场所;2)佩戴纱布口罩和KN95口罩后铀矿尘所致剂量分别为0.14~2.01 mSv/a、0.03~0.53 mSv/a,佩戴KN95型口罩时的呼吸暴露剂量和暴露风险指数明显低于纱布口罩;3)当铀品位为0.01%～1%,铀矿尘质量浓度为0.01～0.2 mg/m³时,铀矿井下工人所受的铀矿尘颗粒物的呼吸暴露剂量及呼吸暴露风险指数都随铀矿尘质量浓度的增加而增大。

关键词: 铀矿尘, 呼吸暴露剂量, 风险评价, 口罩, 铀矿

Abstract: A large number of long-lived α radioactive nuclides exist in uranium dust. Their contribution to uranium mine worker dose can not be ignored. The monitoring data of diameter and concentration of uranium dust particles after filtering with two commonly used masks were studied using the respiratory exposure risk evaluation model of uranium dust particles. The respiratory exposure dose and risk index were calculated for workers in a southern uranium mine. The results showed that: 1) Blind drift, stope and the main ventilation mashine room were the main places with more respiratory exposure dose than other places in uranium mine. 2) The respiratory exposure dose after using gauze mask and KN95 mask were 0.14-2.01 mSv/a and 0.03-0.53 mSv/a,respectively. The respiratory exposure dose and risk index for workers wearing KN95 masks was significantly lower than those wearing gauze mask. 3) When uranium grade was between 0.01% to 1% and uranium dust mass concentration was between 0.01 to 0.2 mg/m³,the workers’ respiratory exposure dose and risk index caused by the uranium ore dust particles were both increased with the increase of mass concentration of uranium dust.

Key words: uranium dust, respiratory exposure dose, risk assessment, mask, uranium mine

中图分类号:

TL75+2

叶勇军, 吴文浩, 李志, 尹安松, 丁德馨. 经口罩过滤后的铀矿尘颗粒物呼吸暴露剂量评价[J]. 辐射防护, 2019, 39(1): 13-18.

YE Yongjun, WU Wenhao, LI Zhi, YIN Ansong, DING Dexin. Risk assessment of respiratory exposure from uraniummine dust after using masks[J]. RADIATION PROTECTION, 2019, 39(1): 13-18.

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