关键词: 应急照射, 辐射防护, 原则, 基本安全标准, 应急准备, 应急响应, 国家协调机制, 危险评价, 应急准备类型, 防护行动和其他响应行动, 防护策略, 通用准则

Abstract: On the basis of the recommendations in ICRP Publication 103, IAEA has completed the revision of Radiation Protection and Safety of Radiation Sources-International Basic Safety Standards (IBSS) and issued it in 2014. The protection system of practice and prevention has changed to planned, emergency and existing exposure situations. The requirements for emergency exposure situation mainly include: emergency plans, emergency procedures and emergency arrangements shall be in accordance with the nature and magnitude of the radiation risks associated with the sources; reference levels are used for optimization of protection and safety in emergency exposure situations; the government shall ensure that an integrated and coordinated emergency management system is established and maintained; for public exposure, the government shall ensure that protection strategies are developed, justified and optimized at the planning stage, and that emergency response is undertaken by their timely implementation; the government shall establish a programme for managing, controlling and recording the dose received in an emergency by first responders. Based on the IBSS and GS-R-2(2002), GSR part 7 Preparedness and Response for a Nuclear or Radiological Emergency has been revised and issued, and the changes of requirements, terminology and concepts were introduced. The present standard Chinese National Standard: Basic standards for protection against ionizing radiation and the safety of radiation sources has adopted the IBSS 1996 version equivalently. Since the reference level, public protection action criteria and exposure control of first responders in the old version of IBSS are all different from those in the new IBSS, the present Chinese national standard needs to be revised in time.

Key words: emergency exposure, radiation protection, principle, basic safety standards, emergency preparedness, emergency response, national coordination mechanism, hazard assessment, emergency preparedness category, protection actions and other response actions, protection strategy, generic criteria