Table of Content

20 October 2019 Volume 39 Issue 5

  

Effects of Low-dose Tritium Irradiation onthe Central Nervous System of Offspring Rats and Its Mechanism

Wang Bing, Lyu Huimin, Liu Yulong, Gao Weimin, Wang Chunyan, Dong Jinchan, Zhang Wei, Chen Weibo

RADIATION PROTECTION BULLETIN. 2019, 39(5):  2-18. 

Abstract ( 194 )   PDF (1138KB) ( 426 )  

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Effects of low-dose tritium on thecentral nervous system of offspring mice and rats were studied. C57BL/6J mice and Wistar ratswere given single intraperitoneal injection of tritiated water, at doses of 0.00, 24.09, 48.18 and 144.54 (×10⁴ Bq/g) on the 12.5th and 13th day of gestation respectively. The results showthat pre-natal tritium irradiation leads to: (1)hindered growth and development after birth, a transform of neurobehavioral behavior from the early excitatory state to a late inhibition state, significantly reducedlearning ability and memory function; (2) thinning brain and cerebellar cortex thickness, decreased number of pyramidal cells, markedly decreased number and ratio of primary and secondary dendrites, decreased number of hippocampal pyramidal cells and loss of brain neuron cells; (3)increased pituitary somatostatin and decreased hypothalamic arginine vasopressin; (4)decreased Ca²⁺ current, increased apoptosis, increased DNA ladder map and p53 protein expression for developing neurons; (5)teratogenic thresholds of 0.03-0.092 Gy for 45 biological indicators, and 0.093-0.30 Gy for the other 11 ones studied concurrently. It is concluded that the material basis of central nervous system damage caused by tritium radiation is mainly the change of brain neuroactive substances, the decrease of Ca²⁺ current amplitude of hippocampal neurons, the increase of brain cell apoptosis, and the abnormal expression of p53 protein.

Distribution, Metabolism Transfer and Dose Estimation for Tritiated Water in Rats and Mice

Lyu Huimin, Zhou Xiangyan, Li Li, Zhang Wei, Liu Yulong, Chen Weibo

RADIATION PROTECTION BULLETIN. 2019, 39(5):  19-25. 

Abstract ( 274 )   PDF (938KB) ( 133 )  

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We studied the distribution and metabolism of tritium, and its transfer from mother to offsring, also estimated the absorption dose, in rats and mice. The results show that: 1) tritium is evenly distributed in mice body fluids and tissues accroding to the law of exponential decline, and retention curves are generally resolved into two exponential components; 2) the first biological half-life oftritium for non-pregnant mice is 2 days or so, while that for pregnant and lactating mice is about 1.6, 1.7 days respectively, and metabolism of tritium in normal, pregnant and lactating mice is basically the same; 3) the activity of tritium in the tissues of rats is unevenly distributed, and the retention on the 15th day accounts for about 9% of that on the 1st day; 4) the total and organic tritium in the tissues of rats of the tritiated wheat group is significantly higher than that for the tritiated water; 5) tritiated water can be absorbed into the body through the injured skin, and the importance of injury degree for absorption is cutting wound > scald> chemical burn; 6) tritium in pregnant and lactating mice can be transferred to embryonic and newborn mice by different ways, with the transfer coefficient between 1.06 and 2.37; 7)the cumulative absorption dose in normal, pregnant and lactating mice is 8.5, 6.7 and 7.1 mGy respectively.

Research Progress on Cell Damage Induced by Low Dose Tritium Irradiation

Quan Yi, Deng Bing, Zhou Caijie, Tan Zhaoyi

RADIATION PROTECTION BULLETIN. 2019, 39(5):  26-31. 

Abstract ( 180 )   PDF (1085KB) ( 149 )  

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The biological damage induced by tritium is mainly caused by β rays produced by its decay. Its combination with biomolecules gives rise to organically bound tritium, which may bring about long-term biological effects. This paper focuses on the research progress of short-and long-term biological effects of low dose tritium irradiation in recent years.

Advances in Research on Carcinogenic, Mutagenic and Teratogenic Effects of Tritiated Water

Li Shengri, Cui Fengmei, Liu Yulong, Tu Yu

RADIATION PROTECTION BULLETIN. 2019, 39(5):  32-35. 

Abstract ( 761 )   PDF (1030KB) ( 179 )  

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With the wide application of tritiumand the increase of tritium concentration in environment, the biological effects caused by it have gradually attracted people's attention. As one of the isotopes of hydrogen, tritium can participate in many cycles of the biosphere, therefore environmental concentrations of tritium may cause damage to human and their offsprings. As a review of research progress on the biological effects of tritiatedwater, the carcinogenic, teratogenic and mutagenesis effects is highlighted therein.

Research Progress on Chromosome Aberrations Induced by Tritiated Water

Wang Chunyan, Liu Yulong

RADIATION PROTECTION BULLETIN. 2019, 39(5):  36-41. 

Abstract ( 190 )   PDF (1124KB) ( 217 )  

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In radiation-induced mammalian injury, chromosomal aberration is one of the main indicators. Tritiated water has strong effect of inducing chromosomal aberrations. The toxicological properties of tritiated water, and the research progress on micronuclei and chromosome aberrations caused by radiation damage of mammals, cell lines and human isolated cells induced by it, is reviewed.

Research Progress on Decorporation of Tritiated Water by Traditional Chinese Medicine Preparation

Zhou Yunzhu, Song Yu

RADIATION PROTECTION BULLETIN. 2019, 39(5):  42-44. 

Abstract ( 309 )   PDF (1075KB) ( 175 )  

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Tritium, an isotope of hydrogen, has the main form of tritiated water (HTO) . HTO is similar to water, it can be evenly distributed in vivo through the blood circulation system once entering the human body. All organs of the body will thus be uniformly irradiated, which may induce radiation damage. The research progress of traditional Chinese medicine preparation on decorporation of tritiated water is presented.