在核科学技术及其放射防护领域中必须科学严谨地较真厘清若干基本概念

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 核科学技术不断在各领域与各行业日益广泛普及应用,乃20世纪以来最杰出的科技成就之一。面对这涉及面与影响面很广,同时又必须有效防范及控制可能带来的电离辐射风险问题,必然备受社会各界与广大公众的高度关注。因此,坚持恪守科学严谨精神,准确地诠释基本概念与传播核科学技术及相关放射防护知识凸显非常重要。此文列举8个颇常见的容易混淆及模糊问题进行剖析评述,藉以呼吁科学严谨地对相关基本概念进行较真厘清,从而促进核科学技术及其广泛应用更好地蓬勃发展。特着重评述的8个问题是:(1)电离辐射与非电离辐射是完全不同类型的辐射;(2)放射防护学、放射卫生学、保健物理学的核心内涵都是研究电离辐射防护;(3)核科学技术的医学应用不等于核医学,而放射诊疗不能称为“核医疗”;(4)放射学与放射医学是各自完全不同的分支学科;(5)务必区别各不相同概念的吸收剂量、剂量当量、当量剂量与有效剂量;(6)必须注意正确运用全身的有效剂量进行放射防护评价;(7)剂量当量、当量剂量与有效剂量的单位专用名称“希沃特”不能用“西弗”;(8)流行病学调查研究术语“频率”绝对不能用日文汉字“频度”。

关键词: 核科学技术, 放射防护, 科学, 严谨, 厘清, 基本概念

Abstract: Nuclear science and technology has been widely used in various fields and industries, which is oneof the most outstanding scientific and technological achievements since the 20th century. Faced with a wide range of aspects and influences, it is necessary to effectively prevent and control the possible radioactive risks, which will inevitably attract great attention from all walks of life and the general public. Therefore, it is very important to adhere to scientific rigorous spirit, to interpret the basic concepts accurately and to disseminate the knowledge of nuclear science and technology and related radiological protection.This article lists 8 fairly common vague questions for analysis and comment, in order to call for scientific and rigorous clarification of relevant basic concepts, so as to promote the development of nuclear science and technology and its wide application. The 8 questions to be reviewed are:①The Ionizing Radiation and the Non-ionizing Radiation are completely different types of radiation. ②The core connotation of the Radiological Protection, the Radiological Hygiene, and the Health Physics is all about the study of protection against ionizing radiation. ③The medical application of nuclear technology is not equal to Nuclear Medicine, and Radiodiagnosis and Radiotherapy can not be called “Nuclear Medicine”. ④The Radiology and the Radiation Medicine are completely different branch of disciplines. ⑤It is very important to distinguish different concepts of the Absorbed Dose, the Dose Equivalent, the Equivalent Dose and the Effective Dose. ⑥Attention must be paid to the correct use of whole body Effective Doses for radiological protection evaluation. ⑦The special name for Dose Equivalent, Equivalent Dose and Effective Dose is “Sievert”,which should be used in Chinese“希沃特”in stead of“西弗”. ⑧The term “frequency” for epidemiological investigation and research must not use the Chinese character“频度”, which is used in Japanese .

Key words: nuclear science and technology, radiological protection, science, rigorous, clarify, basic concept

中图分类号:

TL71

郑钧正. 在核科学技术及其放射防护领域中必须科学严谨地较真厘清若干基本概念[J]. 辐射防护, 2022, 42(5): 381-394.

ZHENG Junzheng. Several basic concepts must be clarified scientifically and rigorously in the field of nuclear science and technology and radiological protection[J]. RADIATION PROTECTION, 2022, 42(5): 381-394.

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