含磷材料对碱性锆渣中U的稳定化作用研究

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 以碱性锆渣为研究对象,采用不同含磷材料对碱性锆渣中U进行稳定化处理,分析其稳定化效果及机理。结果表明,试验所用的几种含磷材料中,Ca(H₂PO₄)₂、KH₂PO₄、CaHPO₄和Ca₃(PO₄)₂均能起到稳定化效果,其中Ca(H₂PO₄)₂和KH₂PO₄对U稳定化效果最佳,稳定效率分别为98.35%和99.59%;K₂HPO₄会促进碱性锆渣中U活化浸出,U活化浸出与碱性条件下HCO₃^-生成有关;Ca(H₂PO₄)₂和KH₂PO₄稳定化作用原理为促进碳酸盐结合态和有机结合态U向残余态转变,其稳定化效果受环境酸碱性影响较大,酸性条件更有利于其稳定化;Ca(H₂PO₄)₂和KH₂PO₄对碱性锆渣中U的稳定效果与投加量呈正相关关系,Ca(H₂PO₄)₂和KH₂PO₄最适投加量为1.2%,稳定后残余态U占比约为98.6%;HCO₃^-是影响U长期稳定化的主要因素,在约90天内,HCO₃^-会导致碱性锆渣中稳定后的U再次浸出,Ca(H₂PO₄)₂、KH₂PO₄均可有效抑制HCO₃^-对碱性锆渣中U的活化浸出,而且Ca(H₂PO₄)₂的抑制效果更佳,再稳定用时更短。

关键词: 碱性锆渣, 含磷材料, U, 稳定化, HCO₃^-

Abstract: Taking alkaline zirconium residue as the research object, different phosphorus containing materials were used to stabilize Uranium in alkaline zirconium residue, with the aim to analyze the stabilization effects and mechanisms. The result shows that among several phosphorus containing materials used in the experiment, Ca(H₂PO₄)₂, KH₂PO₄, CaHPO₄, and Ca₃(PO₄)₂ can all achieve stabilization effects, while Ca(H₂PO₄)₂ and KH₂PO₄ having the best stabilization effect on Uranium, with stabilization efficiency of 98.35% and 99.59%, respectively. K₂HPO₄ can promote Uranium activation leaching in alkaline zirconium residue, which is related to the generation of HCO₃^- in alkaline conditions. The stabilization principle of Ca(H₂PO₄)₂ and KH₂PO₄ is to promote the transition from carbonate bound state and organic bound state Uranium to residual state. The stabilization effect is greatly affected by the acidity and alkalinity of the environment, and acidic conditions are more conducive to its stabilization. The stabilizing effect of Ca(H₂PO₄)₂ and KH₂PO₄ on Uranium in alkaline zirconium residue is positively correlated with the dosage. The optimal dosage of Ca(H₂PO₄)₂ and KH₂PO₄ is 1.2%, After stabilization, the proportion of residual state Uranium is about 98.6%. HCO₃^- is the main factor affecting the long-term stability of Uranium. Within about 90 days, HCO₃^- can cause the stable Uranium in alkaline zirconium residue to leach out again. Ca(H₂PO₄)₂ and KH₂PO₄ can effectively inhibit the activation leaching of U in alkaline zircon residue by HCO₃^-, and the inhibitory effect of Ca(H₂PO₄)₂ is better than that of KH₂PO₄.

Key words: alkaline zirconium residue, phosphorus containing materials, Uranium, stabilization, HCO₃^-

中图分类号:

TL941+.39

高扬, 孙娟, 武旭阳, 任丽江, 安毅夫, 张昊岩. 含磷材料对碱性锆渣中U的稳定化作用研究[J]. 辐射防护, 2025, 45(4): 362-370.

GAO Yang, SUN Juan, WU Xuyang, REN Lijiang, AN Yifu, ZHANG Haoyan. Study on the stabilizing effect on Uranium in alkaline zirconium residue with phosphorus containing materials[J]. RADIATION PROTECTION, 2025, 45(4): 362-370.

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