IAEA辐射安全标准委员会的主要工作及近期关注的辐射安全问题

IAEA辐射安全标准委员会的主要工作及近期关注的辐射安全问题

IAEA radiation safety standard committee and recent concerns on radiation safety issues

摘要/Abstract

参考文献

Metrics

辐射防护 ›› 2025, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (2): 101-107.

刘立业^1,5,6, 陈法国¹, 张金涛², 拓飞³, 陶威锭⁴, 靳海晶¹

1.中国辐射防护研究院,太原 030006;
2.中国核工业集团有限公司,北京 100822;
3.中国疾病预防控制中心辐射防护与核安全医学所,北京 100088;
4.生态环境部核与辐射安全中心,北京 100082;
5.辐射安全与防护山西省重点实验室,太原 030006;
6.中核集团辐射防护技术重点实验室,太原 030006

收稿日期:2024-09-04 出版日期:2025-03-20 发布日期:2025-03-18
通讯作者: 陈法国。E-mail:chenfaguo1@126.com
作者简介:刘立业(1978—),男,2010年毕业于清华大学,博士,研究员。E-mail:RP2024@aliyun.com

LIU Liye^1,5,6, CHEN Faguo¹, ZHANG Jintao², TUO Fei³, TAO Weiding⁴, JIN Haijing¹

1. China Institute for Radiation Protection,Taiyuan 030006;
2. China National Nuclear Corporation,Beijing 100822;
3. National Institute for Radiological Protection, China CDC,Beijing 100088;
4. Nuclear and Radiation Safety Center, Ministry of Ecology and Environment,Beijing 100082;
5. Shanxi Key Laboratory of Radiation Safety and Protection, Taiyuan 030006;
6. CNNC Key Laboratory of Radiation Protection Technology,Taiyuan 030006

Received:2024-09-04 Online:2025-03-20 Published:2025-03-18

摘要： 国际原子能机构(IAEA)目前已经按2008年制定的长期结构(Long Term Structure)自上而下建立了由145项标准组成的安全标准体系,同时计划在2026年制定一个着眼于未来10~15年的新长期结构,以适应人工智能、气候变化、新型反应堆等带来的新需求。本文介绍了IAEA辐射安全标准委员会(RASSC)的主要工作,并讨论了RASSC近期关注的辐射安全问题:针对现存照射辨识和管理方面的挑战,RASSC正在新制定一项关于现存照射的综合性安全导则;虽然国际放射防护委员会(ICRP)已经更新了职业人员内照射剂量系数,RASSC不会立即修订与之相关的安全标准,同时会持续关注成员国经验反馈;随着新型放疗技术的应用,RASSC近期还关注放射性核素治疗中的辐射防护、放疗患者的第二原发癌的风险。

关键词: 辐射安全标准委员会, 现存照射, 内照射剂量系数, 医疗照射

Abstract: The IAEA Safety Standards Series with 145 safety standards and a logical top-down relationship have been largely accomplished according to the 2008 Long Term Structure. Meanwhile, a new Long term structure looking into next 10-15 years will be ready in 2026, fitting to the emerging of artificial intelligence, climate change, new types of reactor, and so on. The main work of IAEA Radiation Safety Standards Committee (RASSC) is introduced and recent concerns on radiation safety issues are discussed in this paper. A new comprehensive safety guide is being developed by RASSC to address the challenges in identification and management of existing exposure situations. Although the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) has updated the internal dose coefficients for occupational exposure, RASSC will not revise relative safety standards in the near future and will continue to collect the experience feedback of member countries. With the application of new radiotherapy technologies, RASSC has also focused on radiation protection in radionuclide therapy and the secondary malignancies of radiotherapy survivors.

Key words: radiation safety standard committee, existing exposure, internal dose coefficient, medical exposure

中图分类号:

刘立业, 陈法国, 张金涛, 拓飞, 陶威锭, 靳海晶. IAEA辐射安全标准委员会的主要工作及近期关注的辐射安全问题[J]. 辐射防护, 2025, 45(2): 101-107.

LIU Liye, CHEN Faguo, ZHANG Jintao, TUO Fei, TAO Weiding, JIN Haijing. IAEA radiation safety standard committee and recent concerns on radiation safety issues[J]. RADIATION PROTECTION, 2025, 45(2): 101-107.

[1] International Atomic Energy Agency.Statute: as amended up to 28 December 1989[EB/OL].[2024-08-16]. https://www.iaea.org/sites/default/files/statute.pdf.
[2] International Atomic Energy Agency. Strategies and processes for the establishment of IAEA safety standards (SPESS) Version 2.2[EB/OL].[2024-08-16]. https://www-ns.iaea.org/downloads/standards/spess.pdf.
[3] 杨华庭. IAEA辐射安全标准委员会第15次会议综述[J]. 核标准计量与质量, 2004(2): 43-49.
[4] International Atomic Energy Agency. Fundamental safety principles[R]. Vienna: IAEA, 2006.
[5] 郑钧正. 国际基本安全标准的演进[J]. 辐射防护, 2015, 35(6): 356-366, 380.
ZHENG Junzheng. The evolution of international basic safety standards[J]. Radiation Protection, 2015, 35(6): 356-366, 380.
[6] International Atomic Energy Agency. Long term structure of the IAEA safety standard and current status[EB/OL][2024-08-16]. https://nucleus.iaea.org/sites/committees/Policy%20Documents/status.pdf.
[7] International Atomic Energy Agency. User guide NSS-OUI[EB/OL].[2024-08-16]. https://nucleus.iaea.org/sites/nss-oui/Shared%20Documents/NSS-oui_Users_guide.pdf.
[8] International Atomic Energy Agency. Radiation safety standards committee (RASSC) report of the ninth term (2021 to 2023)[R]. Vienna: IAEA, 2024.
[9] Lecomte J F. Understanding existing exposure situations[J]. Annals of the ICRP, 2016, 45(1 Suppl): 54-63.
[10] Lecomte J F, Solomon S, Takala J, et al. Radiological protection against radon exposure[J]. Annals of the ICRP, 2014, 43(3): 5-73.
[11] Lochard J, Bartlett D T, Rühm W, et al. Radiological protection from cosmic radiation in aviation[J]. Annals of the ICRP, 2016,45(1): 5-48.
[12] Lecomte J F, Shaw P, Liland S, et al. ICRP Publication 142: Radiological protection from naturally occurring radioactive material (NORM) in industrial processes[J]. Annals of the ICRP, 2019, 48(4): 5-67.
[13] Kai M, Homma T, Lochard J, et al. ICRP Publication 146: Radiological protection of people and the environment in the event of a large nuclear accident: update of ICRP publications 109 And 111[J]. Annals of the ICRP, 2020, 49(4): 11-135.
[14] International Atomic Energy Agency. IAEA Safety Standards Series No. GSR Part 3: Radiation protection and safety of radiation sources: international basic safety standards[R]. Vienna: IAEA, 2014.
[15] International Atomic Energy Agency. Document preparation profile (DPP) DS544:Radiation protection and safety in existing exposure situations[EB/OL].[2024-08-16]. https://www.iaea.org/sites/default/files/dpp544.pdf.
[16] Arpansa. Radiation Protection Series G-2: Guide for radiation protection in existing exposure situations[R]. Yallambie: Arpansa, 2017.
[17] 杨端节, 李冰, 崔浩, 等. 核与辐射事故后管理策略的发展现状[J]. 辐射防护, 2020, 40(3): 177-180.
YANG Duanjie, LI Bing, CUI Hao, et al. Development status on post-accident management strategy for nuclear and radiological accident[J]. Radiation Protection, 2020, 40(3): 177-180.
[18] 郭秋菊, 张磊. 氡防护体系动态介绍与评述[J]. 辐射防护, 2022, 42(3): 177-183.
GUO Qiuju, ZHANG Lei. Introduction and review on the status of protection system against Radon exposure[J]. Radiation Protection, 2022, 42(3): 177-183.
[19] 魏方欣, 王春丽, 张宇, 等. NORM照射与废物管理策略探讨[J]. 辐射防护, 2022, 42(1): 54-62.
WEI Fangxin, WANG Chunli, ZHANG Yu, et al. Discussion on NORM exposure and management mechanism of radioactive waste[J]. Radiation Protection, 2022, 42(1): 54-62.
[20] Paquet F, Harrison J. ICRP task group 95: internal dose coefficients[J]. Annals of the ICRP, 2018, 47(3/4): 63-74.
[21] Breustedt B, Giussani A, Nosske D. Internal dose assessments—Concepts, models and uncertainties[J]. Radiation Measurements, 2018, 115: 49-54.
[22] 汪传高, 陈倩兰, 夏益华, 等. ICRP新框架计算的内照射剂量系数[J]. 辐射防护通讯, 2021, 41(2): 1-10.
WANG Chuangao, CHEN Qianlan, XIA Yihua, et al. Dose coefficients for occupational internal dose assessment provided in latest ICRP series reports[J]. Radiation Protection Bulletin, 2021, 41(2): 1-10.
[23] Paquet F, Simth T, Gregoratto D, et al. ICRP dose coefficients for workers and members of the public[R].56th Meeting of the Radiation Safety Standards Committee(RASSC). 2024.
[24] Commission E. Commission recommendation(Euratom) 2024/440 of 2 February 2024 on the use of dose coefficients for the estimation of the effective dose and equivalent dose for the purposes of council directive 2013/59/Euratom (notified under document C(2024)563)[EB/OL].[2024-08-16]. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reco/2024/440/oj.
[25] 杨宝路, 周强, 拓飞. 放射工作人员职业内照射剂量系数变化分析[J]. 中国辐射卫生, 2022, 31(4): 387-391.
YANG Baolu, ZHOU Qiang, TUO Fei. Change in occupational internal dose coefficients for radiation workers[J]. Chinese Journal of Radiological Health, 2022, 31(4): 387-391.
[26] United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation. UNSCEAR 2020/2021 Report Volume I: Sources, effects and risks of ionizing radiatio[R]. New York: UNSCEAR, 2022.
[27] Sgouros G, Bolch W E, Chiti A, et al. ICRU Report 96:dosimetry-guided radiopharmaceutical therapy[J]. Journal of the ICRU, 2021, 21(1): 1-212.
[28] International Atomic Energy Agency. Release of patients after radionuclide therapy: STI/PUB/1417[R]. Vienna: IAEA, 2009.
[29] US Nuclear Regulatory Commission. Release of patients administered radioactive material: DG-8061[R]. Washington: NRC, 2023.
[30] 广东省辐射防护协会, 生态环境部核与辐射安全中心, 广东省环境辐射监测中心. 核医学辐射防护与安全要求: HJ 1188—2021[S].北京: 生态环境部, 2021.
[31] Morton L M, Onel K, Curtis R E, et al. The rising incidence of second cancers: patterns of occurrence and identification of risk factors for children and adults[J]. American Society of Clinical Oncology Educational Book/ASCO, 2014, 34: e57-e67.
[32] Dracham C B, Shankar A, Madan Renu. Radiation induced secondary malignancies: a review article[J]. Radiation Oncology Journal, 2018, 36(2): 85-94.
[33] Martin C J, Gros S, Kron T, et al. Factors affecting implementation of radiological protection aspects of imaging in radiotherapy[J]. Applied Sciences, 2023, 13(3): 1533.

Just accepted

Online first

Just accepted

Online first

Viewed

Full text

	From	local

	Times	9
	Rate	100%

Abstract

Just accepted	Online first	Issue

0	0	17

	From	Others

	Times	17
	Rate	100%

Cited

Web of Science	Crossref	ScienceDirect	Search for Citations in Google Scholar >>


This page requires you have already subscribed to WoS.

Shared