关键词: 核与辐射紧急情况, 医疗响应, 心理支持, 剂量估算, 长期随访

Abstract: With the development of nuclear technology and changes in nuclear safety situation, IAEA has issued an updated Generic Procedures for Medical Response During a Nuclear or Radiological Emergency (2024) to provide guidance to States on how to respond to such emergencies. The Generic Procedures (2024) made more detailed classification and response measures for the evolving emergency situation of malicious use of radioactive materials. The Generic Procedures (2024) also made certain thinking and preparation for new nuclear technologies on the basis of traditional nuclear facility accidents, and paid more attention to flexibility and adaptability in the organizational structure and resource allocation of emergency response. In addition, the 2024 version also fully absorbed the progress of emergency response technology and communication technology in recent years, optimized and improved the aspects of radiation monitoring, decontamination, communication, and dose estimation in emergency response. The Generic Procedures (2024) also took the lessons of Chernobyl accident and Fukushima accident into account to improve public psychological support and information communication and sharing. This paper comprehensively compares the similarities and differences between the 2024 version and the 2005 version, and highlights the improvements made by the new version, aiming to provide some reference for the revision of relevant guidelines and the development of nuclear or radiological emergency work.

Key words: nuclear or radiological emergency, medical response, mental and psychological support, dose assessment, long term medical follow-up