基于车载巡测的北京市局部区域电磁环境解析

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为推进全面监测与评估区域电磁环境质量,利用车载巡测技术开展了北京市800 km²局部区域0.1 MHz~6 GHz的电磁环境水平监测,获取了90万个点位的巡测数据,包括全频段、射频和长中短波的电场强度总值,基站、5G基站等的选频数据,通过SPSS统计软件和ArcGIS制图软件进行了大数据分析,了解区域电磁环境总体水平、空间分布规律、不同环境功能区电磁环境特点、电磁环境贡献源、时间变化趋势及热点集中区域的电磁辐射源溯源。发现巡测区域全频段电场强度总值为(1.08±0.59)V/m,84.00%点位测值<1.5 V/m,射频总值与长中短波总值分别占全频段总值的68.2%和31.8%,而基站电场强度为0.63 V/m,占射频总值的76.70%,因此区域内环境中电磁辐射最大的贡献源为基站;全频段总值和射频总值空间分布特征基本一致,与人口密度、基站建设分布呈显著正相关,长中短波电磁辐射值受大中型长中短波发射源影响较大,但范围较小;基站全天电场强度均值总体上居民区>工业区,说明居民区基站分布相对密集,昼间7:00—18:00工作时段5G基站电场强度值工业区>居民区,而休息时段居民区>工业区;利用热点图可解析发现多家运营商移动基站共址等的电磁辐射设施集中区域,通过频谱解析溯源了除大型广电设施之外的长中短波电磁辐射源及周围受影响区域。

关键词: 车载巡测, 区域电磁环境, SPSS分析, 空间分布, 时间变化趋势, 频谱分析

Abstract: The electromagnetic fields ranging from 0.1 MHz to 6 GHz were measured by vehicle survey within the area of 800 km² in Beijing, in order to promote the monitoring and evaluation of area ambient electromagnetic quality. The vehicle survey gathered 900,000 values including global electric fields of total frequency bands, Radio Frequency and long, medium, and short waves, as well as selective electric fields of total base stations and 5G base stations. Mass data were analyzed by SPSS and ArcGIS to understand general ambient electromagnetic quality level, spatial and temporal distribution pattern, electromagnetic fields characteristics of various functional regions, electromagnetic source contribution and trace to the Electromagnetic sources for hot points. The analysis reveals that the electric field of total frequency band of this area is(1.08±0.59) V/m,84.00% of all points values are less than 1.5 V/m, and the total value of RF and the long-medium-short waves accounted for 68.2% and 31.8% of the total value of the total frequency band respectively, while the electric field of the base station is 0.63 V/m, accounting for 76.70% of the total radio frequency value, which means the most contributed source of electromagnetic radiation in the region is base stations. The spatial distribution of the total value of the full frequency band and radio frequency band basically have the same trend, which is significantly positively correlated with the population density and the distribution of base stations, while the electric field strength of long-medium-short waves in the ambient is mainly influenced by the relative radiated facilities within small ranges. The intensity of the full-day electric field strength of the base stations in residential area is generally above industrial zone which shows that the distribution of the base stations of the residential area is relatively dense. From 7: 00—18: 00 working hours, the electric field strength of 5G base stations in industrial area is greater than that of residential area. And during the rest time period, the electric field strength of 5G base stations in residential area is greater than that of industrial zones. Analysis of hot-spot map can position concentrated areas of electromagnetic radiation facilities such as mobile base stations of multiple operators, and trace back to the long-medium-short wave electromagnetic radiation sources and surrounding affected areas through spectrum analysis.

Key words: vehicle survey, area ambient electromagnetic radiation, SPSS analysis, spatial distribution, temporal variation trend, spectrum analysis

中图分类号:

X837

徐辉, 佟晶, 李飞, 王冠, 李苗, 康晓晗. 基于车载巡测的北京市局部区域电磁环境解析[J]. 辐射防护, 2024, 44(4): 356-366.

XU Hui, TONG Jing, LI Fei, WANG Guan, LI Miao, KANG Xiaohan. Preliminary analysis on area ambient electromagnetic fields in part of Beijing by vehicle survey[J]. RADIATION PROTECTION, 2024, 44(4): 356-366.

参考文献

[1] 武攀峰, 王国旗, 陆炜, 等. 基于车载监测法的Ⅱ型大城市射频公众曝露探讨[J]. 环境监测管理与技术, 2017, 29(5): 60-63.
WU Panfeng, WANG Guoqi, LU Wei, et al. Study on human exposure to radiofrequency electromagnetic fields in type Ⅱ big city based on vehicle monitoring method[J]. The Administration and Technique of Environmental Monitoring, 2017, 29(5): 60-63.
[2] 陆利通, 刘芳君, 邹亚玲, 等. 珠海市电磁辐射污染现况调查与对策探讨[J]. 实用预防医学, 2012, 19(6): 817-819.
LU Litong, LIU Fangjun, ZOU Yaling, et al. Cross-sectional study on electromagnetic radiation pollution in Zhuhai City and exploration of the countermeasures[J]. Practical Preventive Medicine, 2012, 19(6): 817-819.
[3] 易丹. 基于网格法的福州市射频电磁环境调查与分析[J]. 能源与环境, 2018(6): 65-67.
[4] 宋欣蔚, 岳云涛, 朱心月, 等. 北京市中心商区射频电磁环境测试与分析[J]. 中国环境监测, 2021, 37(4): 135-142.
SONG Xinwei, YUE Yuetao, ZHU Xinyue, et al. Measurement and analysis of the radio-frequency electromagnetic environment in Beijing’s central business districts[J]. Environmental Monitoring in China, 2021, 37(4): 135-142.
[5] 北京市生态环境局. 射频电磁辐射车载巡测技术规范: DB11/T 2017—2022[S]. 北京: 北京市市场监督管理局, 2022.
[6] 生态环境部辐射源安全监管司,生态环境部法规与标准司. 区域电磁环境调查与评估方法(试行): HJ 1349—2024[S]. 北京: 中国环境科学出版社, 2024.
[7] Bolte J F B, Maslanyj M, Addison D, et al. Do car-mounted mobile measurements used for radio-frequency spectrum regulation have an application for exposure assessments in epidemiological studies?[J]. Environment International, 2016, 86: 75-83.
[8] Cansiz M, Abbasov T, Kurt M B, et al. Mobile measurement of radiofrequency electromagnetic field exposure level and statistical analysis[J]. Measurement, 2016, 86: 159-164.
[9] Paniagua-sánchez J M, García-cobos F J, Rufo-pérez M, et al. Large-area mobile measurement of outdoor exposure to radio frequencies[J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2023, 877: 162852.
[10] Estenberg J, Augustsson T. Extensive frequency selective measurements of radiofrequency fields in outdoor environments performed with a novel Mobile monitoring system[J]. Bioelectromagnetics, 2014, 35(3): 227-230.
[11] 生态环境部辐射源安全监管司,生态环境部法规与标准司. 5G移动通信基站电磁辐射环境监测方法(试行): HJ 1151—2020 [S]. 北京: 中国环境科学出版社, 2020.
[12] 环境保护部科技标准司,环境保护部辐射源安全监管司. 电磁环境控制限值: GB 8702—2014[S]. 北京: 中国环境科学出版社, 2014.
[13] 段临林, 杨传俊, 唐超, 等. 厦门市电磁环境解析[J]. 中国环境监测, 2018, 34(2): 122-129.
DUAN Linlin, YANG Chuanjun, TANG Chao, et al. Preliminary studies on the electromagnetic environment of Xiamen city[J]. Environmental Monitoring in China, 2018, 34(2): 122-129.
[14] Carlberg M, Hedendahl L, Koppel T, et al. High ambient radiofrequency radiation in Stockholm city, Sweden[J]. Oncology Letters, 2019, 17(2): 1777-1783.