某稀土冶炼厂及周边土壤放射性水平调查及风险评估

辐射防护 ›› 2024, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (3): 233-239.

某稀土冶炼厂及周边土壤放射性水平调查及风险评估

朱小铰¹, 肖笔夫¹, 谷洪¹, 吕映赋¹, 刘佩¹, 周伟¹, 李元东¹, 唐辉^1,2

1.四川省辐射环境管理监测中心站,成都 611139;
2.成都理工大学核技术与自动化工程学院,成都 610059

收稿日期:2023-02-16 出版日期:2024-05-20 发布日期:2024-05-24
通讯作者: 唐辉。E-mail:tanghuijinhefuzhao@foxmail.com
作者简介:朱小铰(1988—),男,2011年毕业于成都理工大学工程技术学院核工程与核技术专业,高级工程师。E-mail:969982778@qq.com
基金资助:
四川省生态环境保护科技项目计划——四川省铅锌矿放射性水平调查。

Investigation and risk assessment of soil radioactivity levels at a rare earth refining factory and surrending area

ZHU Xiaojiao¹, XIAO Bifu¹, GU Hong¹, LV Yingfu¹, LIU Pei¹, ZHOU Wei¹, LI Yuandong¹, TANG Hui^1,2

1. Sichuan Management and Monitoring Center Station of Radioactive Environmenth,Chengdu 611139;
2. The College of Nuclear Technology and Automation Engineering,Chengdu University of Technology,Chengdu 610059

Received:2023-02-16 Online:2024-05-20 Published:2024-05-24

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为查明某稀土冶炼厂及周边土壤放射性污染程度及危害,调查了该冶炼厂及周边土壤中²³⁸U、²³²Th、²²⁶Ra在不同时期的质量活度浓度变化情况,采用地累积指数法、单因子污染指数与内梅罗综合污染指数法对土壤的放射性核素污染情况进行了评价,并用美国环保署(EPA)的健康风险评估模型开展了风险计算。结果表明²³⁸U、²³²Th、²²⁶Ra 3种放射性核素的质量活度浓度范围分别为:20.9~92.6 Bq/kg、25.1~565.5 Bq/kg、17.3~83.1 Bq/kg;地累积指数法表明排放口下游、厂区西侧两个采样点为单核素污染;单因子污染指数与内梅罗综合污染指数法表明各点位土壤的综合污染均达到了轻度污染;健康风险评估表明该厂区²³⁸U、²³²Th、²²⁶Ra导致的最大风险值均小于10^-6,均在可接受范围内,主要暴露途径为摄入途径,其中最大风险来源于²³²Th。调查结果表明该稀土冶炼厂及周边土壤中的²³⁸U、²³²Th、²²⁶Ra对人体的健康风险在可接受范围内。

关键词: 土壤, 放射性污染, 放射性核素, 风险评估

Abstract: In order to find out the range and harm of radioactive contamination in soil of a rare earth refining factory and its surrounding soil, the mass activity concentrations of ²³⁸U, ²³²Th and ²²⁶Ra in soil of a rare earth refining factory and its surrounding soil were investigated. The radionuclide contamination of soil in the study area was evaluated by geological accumulation index method, single factor pollution index method and Nemerow comprehensive pollution index method. The health risk assessment model of US EPA was used for risk calculation. The results showed that the mass activity concentration ranges of ²³⁸U, ²³²Th and ²²⁶Ra were 20.9-92.6 Bq/kg, 25.1-565.5 Bq/kg, 17.3-83.1 Bq/kg, respectively. The geological accumulation index method showed that the two sampling points downstream of the outlet and west side of the plant were mono-nuclide pollution. The single factor pollution index method and Nemerow comprehensive pollution index method showed that the comprehensive pollution of soil at each site reached mild pollution. Health risk assessment showed that the maximum risk values caused by ²³⁸U, ²³²Th and ²²⁶Ra were all less than 10^-6, and all were within the acceptable range. The main exposure routes were ingestion routes, and the greatest risk came from ²³²Th. The investigation shows that the health risk of ²³⁸U, ²³²Th and ²²⁶Ra in a rare earth refining factory and its surrounding soil is within the acceptable range.

Key words: soil, radioactive contamination, radionuclide, risk assessment

中图分类号:

X822.5

朱小铰, 肖笔夫, 谷洪, 吕映赋, 刘佩, 周伟, 李元东, 唐辉. 某稀土冶炼厂及周边土壤放射性水平调查及风险评估[J]. 辐射防护, 2024, 44(3): 233-239.

ZHU Xiaojiao, XIAO Bifu, GU Hong, LV Yingfu, LIU Pei, ZHOU Wei, LI Yuandong, TANG Hui. Investigation and risk assessment of soil radioactivity levels at a rare earth refining factory and surrending area[J]. RADIATION PROTECTION, 2024, 44(3): 233-239.

参考文献

[1] 魏广芝,赵良仁,徐乐昌,等.某稀土冶炼厂放射性污染源项调查[J].铀矿冶,2012,31(3):146-151.
WEI G Z,ZHAO L R,XU L C,et al. A survey of radioactive pollution sources for a rare earth smelting plant[J]. Uranium Mining and Metallurgy,2012,31(3):146-151.
[2] 林明媚,彭崇.广西某稀土开发利用企业冶炼中天然放射性核素活度浓度分布调查[J].广东化工,2021,48(11):50-51.
LIN M M,PENG C.Investigation on the activity concentration distribution of natural radionuclides in the smelting of a rare earth development and utilization enterprise in Guangxi[J].Guangdong Chemical Industry,2021,48(11):50-51.
[3] 李冠超,史天成,杨波,等.某稀土冶炼厂及周边环境土壤中放射性核素分布特征与风险评价[J].有色金属(冶炼部分),2021(8):119-126.
LI G C, SHI T C,YANG B,et al.Distribution characteristics and risk assessment of radionuclide in soils of a rare earth smelter and its surrounding environment[J].Nonferrous Metals(Extractive Metallurgy),2021(8):119-126.
[4] 孟庆华,马永忠,王欢,等.2017—2018年北京地区土壤的放射性水平监测与分析[J].中华放射医学与防护杂志,2020,40(9):702-706.
MENG Q H,MA Y Z, WANG H, et al.Monitoring and analysis of radioactivity in soils in Beijing during 2017-2018[J].Chin J Radiol Med Prot,2020,40(9):702-706.
[5] 中国疾病预防控制中心辐射防护与核安全医学所,新疆维吾尔自治区疾病预防控制中心,包钢集团公司劳动卫生职业疾病防治研究所.土壤中放射性核素的γ能谱分析方法:GB/T 11743—2013[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2013.
[6] 杨艳,吴攀,李学先,等.贵州织金县贯城河上游煤矿区富硒高镉土壤重金属的分布特征及生态风险评价[J].生态学杂志,2018,37(6):1797-1806.
YANG Y,WU P,LI X X,et al.Distribution and ecological risk assessment of heavy metals in selenium-rich soil with high cadmium content of coal mining area in upper reaches of Guancheng River in Zhijin County, Guizhou[J].Chinese Journal of Ecology,2018,37(6):1797-1806.
[7] Muller G.Index of geoaccumulation in sediments of the Hine River[J].Geochemical Journal,1969,2:108-118.
[8] 郭笑笑,刘丛强,朱兆洲,等.土壤重金属污染评价方法[J].生态学杂志,2011,30(5):889-896.
GUO X X,LIU C Q,ZHU Z Z,et al.Evaluation methods for soil heavy metals contamination[J].Chinese Journal of Ecology,2011,30(5):889-896.
[9] 李战国,朱勇兵,李军,等.²²⁶Ra污染场地调查与健康风险评估[J].安全与环境学报,2020,20(6):2408-2415.
LI Z G,ZHU Y B,LI J,et al.Investigation and health risk assess-ment of ²²⁶Ra in deserted contaminated site[J].Journal of Safety and Environment,2020,20(6):2408-2415.
[10] 章蔷.污染场地调查及健康风险评估的研究[D].南京师范大学,2013.
[11] U.S.Environmental Protection Agency.RAIS risk exposure models for radionuclides user-s guide [EB/OL].[2022-12-5].http://rais.ornl.gov/tools/rais_rad_risk_guide.html.
[12] OAKRIDGE National Laboratory.Area correction factors for contaminated soil for use in risk and dose assessment models[EB/OL].[2022-12-5].http://rais.ornl.gov/tools/ACF_FINAL.pdf.2014.

[1]	徐彬, 毕朝文, 王艳, 朱杰, 谷洪, 刘佩, 李元东, 唐辉. 含⁶⁰Co极低放土壤废物的填埋处置[J]. 辐射防护, 2024, 44(3): 298-303.
[2]	杜娟, 冀东, 刘晓超, 侯铁钢. 铀矿污染土壤γ剂量率与核素活度的表征关系[J]. 辐射防护, 2024, 44(2): 160-166.
[3]	王绍林, 陈凌, 白向飞, 拓飞, 陈法国, 曹钟港. 全国发电用煤天然放射性核素含量调查分析[J]. 辐射防护, 2023, 43(5): 478-484.
[4]	李立凡, 文富平, 胡翔, 李慧萍. 某核设施周围土壤中¹³⁷Cs放射性水平及所致居民外照射剂量评价[J]. 辐射防护, 2023, 43(4): 318-324.
[5]	曹龙生, 廖宇航, 吕安标, 周颖, 周峰. 超大流量气溶胶自动连续采样分析系统监测方法研究[J]. 辐射防护, 2023, 43(3): 235-242.
[6]	郑存德, 刘清宽, 董国超, 孙宇. 丹东地区土壤天然放射性核素本底值调查研究[J]. 辐射防护, 2022, 42(6): 579-584.
[7]	姜冬, 方春鸣, 陆地, 杜瑶芳, 王海涛, 赵钰玲, 尚迪. 固相萃取-液闪测量快速测定土壤样品中铅-210[J]. 辐射防护, 2022, 42(3): 201-207.
[8]	吴青彪, 庄思璇. 中国散裂中子源的空气活化监测与评价[J]. 辐射防护, 2021, 41(S1): 29-35.
[9]	张雪, 胡继华, 施晓文, 王小元. 放射性核素迁移的包气带-饱和带耦合模拟研究[J]. 辐射防护, 2021, 41(6): 514-522.
[10]	茅钰才, 王云祥, 张磊, 郭秋菊. 基于土壤氡源的湿度可调控的氡室系统[J]. 辐射防护, 2020, 40(5): 402-407.
[11]	李玉鑫, 贾建召. 核电站放射性污染液压扭力扳手的去污实践[J]. 辐射防护, 2020, 40(3): 223-230.
[12]	林武辉, 陈肖霞, 余克服, 刘昕明, 莫珍妮, 冯亮亮, 何贤文. 南海岛礁工程中建筑材料的天然放射性核素含量及辐射水平评价[J]. 辐射防护, 2020, 40(1): 23-30.
[13]	王静, 汪剑辉, 李坚, 郑力, 曹兴伟. 热熔压敏卷材清除放射性污染粉尘的试验研究[J]. 辐射防护, 2018, 38(4): 326-330.
[14]	林武辉, 余克服, 王英辉, 刘昕明, 汪建君, 宁秋云, 李英花. 罕见的地表低辐射水平区域:珊瑚礁区[J]. 辐射防护, 2018, 38(4): 287-291.
[15]	杨志杰, 赵荣, 王南萍. 北京地区浅层土壤氡浓度的垂向分布特征[J]. 辐射防护, 2018, 38(4): 275-280.