氡析出迁移及覆盖控制研究进展

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 随着核电的发展,天然铀需求量增大,地表尾矿大量堆积而产生的氡污染成为不可忽视的问题,如何能更加有效地降低铀尾矿氡析出量具有重要意义。一般采用地表堆积后覆盖的方法减小铀尾矿造成的地面环境危害,而氡的迁移过程经历在被覆盖材料迁移和覆盖材料中迁移两个阶段,因此研究氡迁移规律成为解决问题的关键内容。本文总结并评述了国内外学者针对氡析出影响因素、氡迁移理论、覆盖控制方法和效果、覆盖参量方面的研究,发现目前虽对氡析出机理和影响因素进行了全面分析,但是氡析出过程中多因素耦合机理和作用过程还需要更多的深入研究;覆盖材料主要为天然材料和人工合成材料,目前常采用的是天然材料,其中红土添加膨润土、砂质亚黏土、红土均为良好的降氡材料,后续还需要更多的研究,从而找到有效控制氡并对生态环境影响最小的覆盖材料。

关键词: 氡迁移, 覆盖材料, 覆盖参量, 污染, 控制

Abstract: With the development of nuclear power, the demand for natural uranium has increased. It has become evident that large volume accumulation of tailing on the ground may cause radon pollution. Therefore it is of great significance on how to effectively reduce the amount of radon exhalation from uranium tailing. Generally, the covering method after ground accumulation is used to reduce the ground environmental hazards caused by uranium tailing. The process of radon migration mainly undergoes two stages of migration in the covered material and the covering material. As a result, studying radon migration law has become a key component in solving the problem. In this paper, foreign and domestic scholars' studies on the factors influencing radon exhalation, radon migration theory, coverage control method and effect, and coverage parameters are summarized and reviewed. The following results are obtained: At present, the exhalation mechanism and influencing factors of radon are presented as comprehensive analysis. But there is a need for further research on the multi-factor coupling mechanism and action process during radon exhalation. Natural and artificially synthesized materials are selected as covering materials, the Natural materials are currently commonly used, in which the addition of bentonite in red soil, sandy sub-clay, and red soil are the good material for radon reduction. However, more research is needed to find covering materials that are effective in controlling radon and have minimal impact on the ecological environment. This paper provides ideas for more effectively eliminating radon pollution from uranium tailing in the future.

Key words: radon migration, covering materials, coverage parameters, pollution, control

中图分类号:

X771

赵勇, 张桂锋. 氡析出迁移及覆盖控制研究进展[J]. 辐射防护, 2024, 44(1): 1-9.

ZHAO Yong, ZHANG Guifeng. Research progress on radon migration and coverage control[J]. RADIATION PROTECTION, 2024, 44(1): 1-9.

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