EAST聚变装置长脉冲辐射监测及研究

摘要/Abstract

摘要： EAST(Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak)全超导托卡马克核聚变实验装置主要利用氘氘为燃料进行等离子体聚变反应,聚变反应会释放大量中子与次级γ射线。为了能够准确掌握EAST聚变装置在高参数长脉冲等离子体放电条件下辐射产物的空间分布信息,利用辐射在线监测系统实现对中子与γ射线的有效监测。按照防护需求在EAST装置大厅内外共布置13个重点监测区域。监测系统硬件方面,辐射中子与γ射线测量分别采用基于BF₃正比计数管与氩气的电离室,通过双绞线与以太网的混合组网模式将监测数据传输到采集机,监测系统软件采用基于LabVIEW的控制采集软件实现对中子与γ射线实时剂量率及累积剂量的采集与存储。监测结果表明,EAST聚变装置在长脉冲高参数等离子体运行条件下,大厅内最大辐射剂量率迅速提高3个数量级以上,放电结束后又很快下降到接近辐射环境本底水平;大厅外由于屏蔽墙的防护作用,辐射剂量率始终保持接近辐射环境本底水平。利用辐射在线监测系统不仅可以有效获得放射性数据,而且为辐射安全防护管理提供了数据支撑,确保聚变能安全开发利用与人员安全。

关键词: EAST, 中子, γ射线, 辐射监测

Abstract: EAST(Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak) conducts plasma fusion by deuterium and deuterium, which releases large amounts of neutrons and secondary gamma rays. In order to accurately understand the spatial distribution of radiation products in the EAST fusion device under the condition of high parameter long pulse plasma discharge, the radiation on-line monitoring system is used to realize the effective monitoring of neutron and γ rays. According to protection requirements, 13 key monitoring areas are arranged inside and outside the EAST installation hall. In terms of monitoring system hardware, radiation neutrons and γ rays are detected by ionization chamber based on BF₃ proportional counter tube and argon respectively, and monitoring data are transmitted to acquisition machine through twisted pair and Ethernet hybrid networking mode. The monitoring system software adopts the control acquisition software based on LabVIEW to collect and store the real-time dose rate and cumulative dose of neutron and gamma rays. The monitoring results show that the maximum radiation dose rate in the hall of the EAST fusion device rapidly increases by more than 3 orders of magnitude under the long pulse and high parameter plasma operation condition, and then drops to the radiation background level soon after the discharge. The radiation dose rate outside the hall is always kept close to the radiation background level due to the protective effect of the shielding wall. The online radiation monitoring system can not only effectively obtain radioactive data, but also provide data support for radiation safety protection management to ensure the safe development and utilization of fusion energy and personnel safety.

Key words: EAST, neutron, γ ray, radiation monitoring

中图分类号:

TL75+1

李成勋, 霍志鹏, 钟国强, 胡立群. EAST聚变装置长脉冲辐射监测及研究[J]. 辐射防护, 2023, 43(5): 451-459.

LI Chengxun, HUO Zhipeng, ZHONG Guoqiang, HU Liqun. Monitoring and research of long pulse radiation in EAST fusion device[J]. RADIATION PROTECTION, 2023, 43(5): 451-459.

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