静电放电人体电磁暴露安全评估的数值模拟

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 基于电磁剂量学数值计算方法和国际电工委员会(IEC)规定的典型静电放电(ESD)电流波形,将经傅里叶变换后频域中能量最强的一次谐波分量和全部谐波分量分别作为电磁辐射源,仿真分析了位于辐射源不同位置处人体生物组织的电磁效应,并将COMSOL Multiphysics软件数值仿真的结果与国际非电离辐射防护委员会(ICNIRP)推荐的公众暴露限值进行对比。结果表明:离辐射源越远感应电场强度(E)、磁场强度(H)、比吸收率(SAR)越小,体内电场线分布越均匀;电场强度进入头部后迅速衰减,脑部对空间电磁场有一定的屏蔽作用;不同位置处人体头部冠状面和矢状面SAR峰值和分布几乎相同,矢状面和冠状面SAR峰值为轴状面的15.7倍;不同位置处头部SAR峰值均出现在颅骨处,大脑中的SAR最小且关于x轴和y轴成对称分布;多频率暴露条件下,辐射源位于人体右侧面1 m(位置A)时全身SAR值超过了ICNIRP基本限值,而辐射源位于人体右侧面5 m(位置B)及更远位置时人体全身SAR均未超过ICNIRP基本限值。总之,离辐射源越远,安全裕度越大,人体需位于辐射源5 m以外,以降低暴露风险。此研究结果可为人体ESD电磁暴露防护提供数值参考,为ESD电磁暴露相关标准制定提供理论依据。

关键词: 静电放电, 频谱分析, COMSOL Multiphysics, 电磁辐射, 安全评估, ICNIRP

Abstract: Based on the numerical calculation method on electromagnetic dosimetry and according to the typical electrostatic discharge (ESD) current waveform specified by IEC (International Electro technical Commission), the first harmonic component with the strongest energy and the full harmonic components in the frequency domain after Fourier transform were used as electromagnetic radiation sources, the electromagnetic effect of human biological tissue when the human body is located at different positions of the exposure source is simulated and analyzed, and the numerical simulation results were compared with those recommended by the International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP). The results showed that the electric field intensity (E), magnetic field intensity (H) and specific absorptivity (SAR) decreased with the distance from the exposure source, and the distribution of electric field lines became more uniform with the increasing distance; The electric field intensity attenuates rapidly after entering the head, and the brain has a certain shielding effect on the space electromagnetic field; The SAR peak values and distributions in coronal and sagittal planes are almost the same at different positions in the human head, and the SAR peak values in sagittal and coronal planes are 15.7 times of those in axial planes; The peak of head SAR at different positions appeared at the skull, and the SAR in the brain was the smallest and distributed symmetrically with respect to x and y; Under the condition of multi frequency exposure, the whole-body SAR value of the exposure source located at 1m (position A) on the right side of the human body exceeded the basic limit of ICNIRP, while the whole-body SAR value of the exposure source located at 5 m (position B) on the right side of the human body and beyond did not exceeded the basic limit of ICNIRP. The human body should be located 5 m away from the exposure source to reduce the exposure risk. The research results can provide a numerical reference for human ESD electromagnetic exposure protection, and can provide a theoretical basis for the formulation of ESD electromagnetic exposure related standards.

Key words: electrostatic discharge, spectrum analysis, COMSOL Multiphysics, electromagnetic radiation, safety assessment, ICNIRP

中图分类号:

X124

宋艳霞. 静电放电人体电磁暴露安全评估的数值模拟[J]. 辐射防护, 2023, 43(4): 289-299.

SONG Yanxia. Electromagnetic exposure safety assessment of electrostatic discharge through numerical simulation[J]. RADIATION PROTECTION, 2023, 43(4): 289-299.

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