我国低放废物热解焚烧技术的应用及改进

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 根据国际上焚烧技术发展趋势,针对我国放射性废物管理的特点,中国辐射防护研究院自主开发出多用途放射性废物热解焚烧技术,在国内应用近20年,建成3座焚烧设施。这些焚烧设施运行、处理了大量低放废物,具有净化效率高、减容效果好、核素控制好等特点,验证了热解焚烧系统的稳定性、可靠性与先进性。中国辐射防护研究院针对早期焚烧设施运行中出现的问题,不断进行完善与改进,降低了设备腐蚀问题;提高了系统运行的安全性、稳定性;减少了二次废物的产生量;并进一步提高了焚烧系统的自动化程度和对高塑料橡胶含量废物的兼容处理能力。经过这些技术改进,国内多用途放射性废物热解焚烧技术逐渐完善。

关键词: 放射性, 废物, 焚烧, 废物处理

Abstract: Based on the development trend of incineration technology internationally, and in accordance with the characteristics of radioactive waste management in China, the China Institute for Radiation Protection has independently developed a multi-purpose radioactive waste pyrolysis incineration technology, which has been used in China for nearly 15 years. Three incineration facilities have been built. These incineration facilities have treated a large amount of low-level waste through their operation, with characteristics of good cleaning effect, good volume reduction effect, and good radionuclide distribution control. The stability and reliability of the incineration system were verified with proved advancement of pyrolysis incineration technology. Some problems of corrosion which occurred in early incineration facilities are solved, with the effect of improved safety and stability of system operation, reduced amount of secondary waste, continuous improvements on automatic level of the incineration system, and increased proportion of plastics and rubber contents in treated wastes, which consummating the domestic pyrolysis incineration technology.

Key words: radioactive, waste, incineration, waste treatment

中图分类号:

TL914+.32

徐卫, 褚浩然, 郑博文, 唐灿, 禹恩发, 薛鹏, 盛洁, 李晓海. 我国低放废物热解焚烧技术的应用及改进[J]. 辐射防护, 2020, 40(5): 387-393.

XU Wei, CHU Haoran, ZHENG Bowen, TANG Can, YU Enfa, XUE Peng, Sheng Jie, Li Xiaohai. Application and improvement of low & medium-level radioactive waste pyrolysis incineration technology in China[J]. RADIATION PROTECTION, 2020, 40(5): 387-393.

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