Table of Content

20 May 2026 Volume 46 Issue 3

  

Experimental study on the removal of ¹⁴CO₂ and mass transfer performance in a high-gravity rotating bed

XIE Zhongyin, PEI Jianlu, LIANG Xuefei, WANG Mang, LIANG Guoliang, SHUANG Yingzhong, LIU Zhixin, CHEN Xin, LIANG Shuwei, LI Yongguo, YU Jie

RADIATION PROTECTION. 2026, 46(3):  189-197.  doi:10.27045/j.1000-8187.202603001

Abstract ( 12 )   PDF (5868KB) ( 12 )  

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The high-gravity rotating bed technology was applied to the treatment of waste gas containing ¹⁴CO₂ in nuclear power plant. NaOH solution was used as absorbent, and CO₂ absorption experiments were carried out on the high-gravity rotating bed. The effects of rotational speed, absorbant flow rate, absorbent concentration, inlet gas flow rate and inlet CO₂ concentration on CO₂ removal efficiency η, overall gas-phase volumetric mass transfer coefficient K_ya and effective mass transfer specific surface area a were investigated. The results show that η increases with the increase of absorbent flow rate and absorbent concentration, decreases with the increase of inlet gas flow rate and inlet CO₂ concentration, and first increases and then decreases with the increase of rotational speed. Under operating conditions with a rotational speed of 1 000 r/min, an absorbent flow rate of 8 L/min, and an absorbent concentration of 4%, η can reach above 95%.The study of mass transfer performance shows that K_ya and a both increase with the increase of liquid flow rate and gas flow rate, decrease with the increase of inlet CO₂ concentration, and show a trend of first increasing and then decreasing with the increase of rotational speed. K_ya increases with the increase of absorption liquid concentration, while a shows an opposite trend.

Development and verification of cleaning and retrieval tooling for residues in stainless steel storage tanks

CHEN Qi, HOU Jinlong, PENG Kejie, XING Qifeng, YANG Nian, XUE Yun

RADIATION PROTECTION. 2026, 46(3):  199-205.  doi:10.27045/j.1000-8187.202603002

Abstract ( 9 )   PDF (4654KB) ( 0 )  

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This paper presents the development of a cleaning and retrieval tooling for internal residues in stainless steel storage tanks that adopts, double-sided permanent magnetic adsorption wall-climbing technology, enabling the robot carrier platform to stably adhere to the stainless steel tank wall and move omnidirectionally. On this basis, an integrated multifunctional end-effector is developed and is connected through the robot carrier platform to achieve high-pressure water cleaning of internal wall residues, crushing of bottom residues, and efficient retrieval. Through the design and integration optimization of the entire tooling, non-intrusive and remote cleaning and retrieval of tank internal residues are realized. Systematic experimental verification is conducted to evaluate the adhesion stability and mobility of the double-sided permanent magnetic adsorption wall-climbing robot on the inner wall of a stainless steel tank, and to investigate the cleaning effect of different high-pressure water cleaning pressures and spray angles on wall residues, as well as the crushing and retrieval effect of different movement speeds and blade rotation speeds on bottom residues. The experimental results show that the wall-climbing robot achieves a maximum vertical load of 23 kg, with an adjustable movement speed in the range of 0-10 m/min. Under a cleaning pressure of 30 MPa and a spray angle of 40°, the cleaning efficiency is 3.792 kg/min with a residue rate of 5.2%. With the robot′s bottom movement speed at 3 m/min and a blade rotation speed of 350 r/min, the crushing and retrieval efficiency is 1.842 kg/min with a residue rate of 7.9%.

Simulation validation of pollutant dispersion and radiation impact analysis under different wind directions at an inland plant site

LI Yu, ZHANG Junfang, LI Yunpeng, LYU Minghua, ZHANG Fang, CHEN Longquan, LI Ruojie, LI Mingye

RADIATION PROTECTION. 2026, 46(3):  206-214.  doi:10.27045/j.1000-8187.202603003

Abstract ( 9 )   PDF (6715KB) ( 0 )  

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The radiation impact of radioactive pollutant dispersion at a representative inland site was evaluated using the CFD numerical simulation method. First, wind tunnel experiments were employed for validation, confirming that CFD simulations can accurately reflect the pollutant distribution characteristics at the site. On this basis, combined with observations from the on-site meteorological station, radiation impact assessments under key wind directions were carried out, and the corresponding radiation dose levels were analyzed. The results show that significant differences exist in radiation dose levels within the plant area under different wind directions. For instance, under NE and N wind directions, the maximum external effective radiation dose to personnel occurs at 460 and 650 m downwind of the stack outlet, whereas the E wind direction corresponds to the lowest radiation level for on-site personnel. It is recommended that additional radiation monitoring facilities be installed in high-dose areas to monitor pollutant concentration and dose variations in real time, and that personnel residence time be controlled to reduce the risk of external exposure. This study can provide a scientific basis for the optimization of radiation protection, personnel safety, and environmental risk assessment at the plant.

Research on the application of the coupled simulation of vadose and saturated zones in the process design of nuclear facilities

ZHANG Xue, YANG Lijian

RADIATION PROTECTION. 2026, 46(3):  216-222.  doi:10.27045/j.1000-8187.202603004

Abstract ( 10 )   PDF (1379KB) ( 0 )  

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This paper carried out a groundwater environmental impact assessment without and with consideration of the attenuation of the vadose zone. The simulation results under the two conditions were compared and analyzed. At the same time, the evaluation of different vadose zone thicknesses and emergency repair duration were carried out to analyze their effects. The evaluation method of without considering the vadose zone is analytical method. The evaluation method of considering the vadose zone is the coupling simulation method for the vadose zone and saturated zone. The results show that:(1) Considering the hysteresis of vadose zone, annual committed effective dose from drinking for public decreased from 0.471 mSv to 6.28×10^-5 mSv, in which 0.471 mSv is the result of not considering the vadose zone.(2) Under the simulation conditions, when the emergency repair duration was 15 days, the thickness limit of the vadose zone is 0.412 m, and when the thickness of the vadose zone being 0.5 m, the limit of emergency repair duration is 20.18 days. Pipeline layout and emergency plan can be coordinated according to the actual situation of the project.

Microscopic simulation of resuspension initiation mechanisms and thresholds for radioactive particles on rough granular beds using DEM-CFD coupling

HAO Yijie, KANG Jing, CUI Jinjiang, CHEN Hailong, WU Feifei, LIAN Bing

RADIATION PROTECTION. 2026, 46(3):  224-232.  doi:10.27045/j.1000-8187.202603005

Abstract ( 14 )   PDF (5612KB) ( 1 )  

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Resuspension of radioactively contaminated soil particles represents one of the key environmental release pathways and critical source terms in radiological environmental safety assessment. This study employs a bidirectional DEM-CFD coupling approach to perform microscopic analysis of the incipient motion process of 10 μm ordinary dust particles (SiO₂) and typical radioactive particles (U₃O₈ and PuO₂) on rough particle bed surfaces. The results reveal that the geometric morphology of densely packed rough beds exerts a significant influence on boundary layer flow; compared to an ideal smooth wall, the rough bed markedly displaces the boundary layer structure upward and increases the near-wall vertical velocity component. Particle resuspension initiation emerges as a complex spatiotemporal evolutionary process involving in-situ micro-vibration, rolling ascent, and eventual detachment. Simulation results indicate that the critical threshold wind speed for ordinary dust is 1.60 m/s, whereas for the typical radioactive particles U₃O₈ and PuO₂ it rises to 2.05 m/s and 2.21 m/s, respectively—an increase of approximately 28% and 38% respectively. This clearly demonstrates the synergistic inhibitory effect of enhanced gravity and stronger surface adhesion resulting from the higher density imparted by radioactive nuclides. The present work provides microscopic mechanistic insight and more accurate threshold references for parameterizing radioactive particle resuspension and for environmental risk assessment models at contaminated sites.

Determination of carbon content in biological samples using elemental analyzer

HUANG Hui, YUAN Ni, AN Quan, LUO Maoyi, WANG Zhipeng, GUO Yuanyuan, WANG Yuanfei

RADIATION PROTECTION. 2026, 46(3):  234-242.  doi:10.27045/j.1000-8187.202603006

Abstract ( 11 )   PDF (4129KB) ( 1 )  

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¹⁴C,a long-lived radionuclide, is widely used as a tracer in human mass balance and pharmacokinetic studies. The ¹⁴C/¹²C ratio in biological samples was measured by a high-sensitivity accelerator mass spectrometer, and the carbon content in the samples was analyzed by the elemental analyzer, which can reflect the content of ¹⁴C markers in different biological matrices ( including serum, plasma, whole blood and urine). In this paper, a high-precision measurement program for carbon content in biological samples was established by studying the key parameters of carbon content in biological samples measured by the elemental analyzer. The results show that the relative standard deviation of carbon content measurement in various biological samples is less than 5% when the sample sampling amount is 60~100 mg and the oxygen flow is ≥75 mL. It can be applied to the high-precision analysis of carbon content in different types of biological samples, and provides an effective analytical method for the accurate calculation of ¹⁴C activity in subsequent samples.

Simulation and verification for α spectrum of radioactive aerosol monitor

MA Tao, LI Jianwei, WANG Yong, LIU Liye, LI Hua, ZHANG Fuguo, SHANG Jie, ZHANG Yanting, YANG Liu, XIE Weiming

RADIATION PROTECTION. 2026, 46(3):  243-248.  doi:10.27045/j.1000-8187.202603007

Abstract ( 10 )   PDF (3466KB) ( 0 )  

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When conducting α energy spectrum analysis of radioactive aerosols using machine learning methods, a large number of α energy spectra are required to train the model. There are many difficulties in obtaining α energy spectra through radioactive aerosol experiments. Using the Monte Carlo simulation method to obtain α energy spectra is an effective solution. However, the weak penetrating power of α particles makes them susceptible to factors such as filter paper, air, and detector protective layers, posing challenges for high-precision simulation. To address this issue, a corresponding Monte Carlo calculation model was established. Experiments were conducted on ²⁴¹Am planar sources and radon progeny aerosol sources successively. The detector parameters and filter paper distribution parameters were corrected respectively. The simulated α energy spectra have good consistency with the experimental results in terms of peak position, spectrum shape, and detection efficiency, verifying the reliability of the method and laying the foundation for α energy spectrum analysis of radioactive aerosol monitors under complex source conditions.

Monte Carlo simulation study on dosimetry of BNCT treatment for glioma

LI Boning, WANG Xiaojuan, FANG Qinlong, YUAN Lin, WANG Boyu, LI Zhuo, LIU Yang

RADIATION PROTECTION. 2026, 46(3):  250-263.  doi:10.27045/j.1000-8187.202603008

Abstract ( 11 )   PDF (13825KB) ( 0 )  

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In this study, based on the neutron source of the Xi′an Pulsed Reactor, Monte Carlo simulations were performed to systematically investigate the beam shaping assembly (BSA) design and dosimetric characteristics for BNCT treatment of brain glioma. Under the constraints of the beam quality criteria recommended by the IAEA, key components of the BSA—including the moderator, reflector, collimation system, thermal neutron absorber, and gamma filter—were optimized, resulting in an epithermal neutron beam configuration centered on an AlF₃ moderator. Furthermore, a Snyder ellipsoidal head phantom and a corresponding tumor-bearing model were constructed to calculate and analyze the spatial distributions of boron capture dose, thermal neutron dose, fast neutron dose, and gamma dose under different boron concentrations. The results indicate that a BSA configuration consisting of an AlF₃ moderator (~60 cm), a Pb reflector (~15 cm), a 50 cm collimator, Gd thermal neutron absorber (0.3 cm/0.1 cm), and a 5 cm Bi gamma filter can provide an epithermal neutron flux that satisfies therapeutic requirements. A pronounced peak of boron capture dose is formed within the tumor region and increases significantly with increasing boron concentration, while the non-selective dose components remain essentially unchanged. Based on the evaluation of the total biologically weighted dose, the corresponding dose rates and treatment times for different boron concentrations were determined. These results provide a reliable theoretical basis for reactor-based BNCT beam design and dosimetric optimization in the treatment of brain glioma.

Study on the effect of hyperbaric oxygen therapy for radiation dermatitis in breast cancer

CUI Ling, TIAN Long, SHI Xiuju, WANG Le, NIU Ping

RADIATION PROTECTION. 2026, 46(3):  265-271.  doi:10.27045/j.1000-8187.202603009

Abstract ( 6 )   PDF (1044KB) ( 0 )  

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To evaluate the therapeutic effect of hyperbaric oxygen therapy on radiodermatitis induced by image-guided radiotherapy (IGRT) for breast cancer. The patients with radiodermatitis from breast cancer treated in the First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University from November 2023 to April 2025 were enrolled. After undergoing modified radical mastectomy, the patients underwent IGRT calibrated with cone-beam CT and were randomly divided into the test group and the control group. The control group received conventional interventions, while the test group received additional hyperbaric oxygen therapy. the level of radiodermatitis, dermatology life quality index, and incidence of adverse events were compared between the two groups from Week 1 to Week 12. Statistical analysis showed that both the levels and dermatology life quality index were higher in the control group than those in the test group from Week 8 to Week 10 (P<0.05), while there was no difference in the incidence of adverse events between the two groups (P>0.05). Hyperbaric oxygen therapy reduced the levels of radiodermatitis and dermatology life quality index caused by IGRT for breast cancer, demonstrating its clinical value.

Analysis and discussion on the expression of radionuclide half-life in standard GB 18871—2002

LI Zhuodai, DU Jinqiu, LIU Gongye, GUAN Qingtao, YANG Zhangzhong

RADIATION PROTECTION. 2026, 46(3):  273-279.  doi:10.27045/j.1000-8187.202603010

Abstract ( 11 )   PDF (957KB) ( 4 )  

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The "Basic Standards for Protection against Ionizing Radiation and Safety of Radiation Sources" (GB 18871—2002) plays a guiding role in China′s radiation protection and safety efforts. Addressing the updates in nuclear physics data over the more than twenty years since the standard′s implementation, as well as the rigor of certain expressions within the standard text, this paper conducts a systematic theoretical review and data comparison. First, the expression of "two half-lives" for a single radionuclide in the standard is discussed in conjunction with the decay mechanisms and classification logic of isomers, clarifying the relationship between radionuclide definition and half-life. Second, based on the latest authoritative nuclear databases, a comprehensive verification of the radionuclide half-life data in Appendix B of the standard was performed. The study found that with the improvement of measurement precision, the recommended half-life values for certain radionuclides have changed significantly. Notably, the latest half-life data for long-lived radionuclides such as ⁶⁰Fe and ⁷⁹Se show deviations of orders of magnitude compared to the current values in the standard. Based on these analyses, this paper proposes revision suggestions for relevant expressions and a list of half-life data urgently needing updates in GB 18871—2002, aiming to further enhance the scientific rigor and currency of the standard.