低剂量辐射线性无阈模型的适用性分析

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 出于辐射防护目的,通常假定辐射诱发癌症的总危险是随着剂量呈线性无阈(Linear Non Threshold,LNT)增加。然而,现有流行病调查结果不能完全支持验证LNT,同时低剂量辐射生物效应研究发现了新的不利于LNT模型的成果,且现有的资料并不排除有阈值存在,剂量响应关系的变化依赖于所论及癌症的类型、剂量、剂量率、辐射的传能线密度(Linear Energy Transfer,LET)、受照个体的年龄、性别和生理状态以及其他因素。尽管不排除其他剂量响应关系的存在,低水平辐射致癌效应的分析中没有其他模型比LNT模型更能被业界广泛接受。在新理论、新模型产生前,遵循现有理论和LNT模型评估辐射危害仍然是目前最科学的态度,同时也是最有利于辐射防护的方法论。

关键词: LNT, 流行病学调查, 低剂量辐射, 生物效应, 剂量响应关系

Abstract: For radiation protection purposes, it has been assume that the overall risk of radiation-induced cancer increases as a 1inear-nonthreshold function of the radiation dose. However, epidemiological evaluation cannot support and validate LNT model, and studies on biological effects of low dose radiation have found new results that are not conducive to the LNT model. The existing data do not exclude the existence of a threshold, and the dose-response relationship is known to vary, depending on the type of cancer, the dose, dose rate, and the LET of the radiation, the age, sex, and physiological state of the exposed individuals as well as other variables. On this basis, it is concluded that no alternative dose-response model for the carcinogenic effects of low-dose radiation is more plausible than the linear-non-threshold model, although other dose-response relationships cannot be excluded. Before the establishment of the new theory and new model, LNT model is still the most realistic attitude, and LNT is also the best methodology for radiation protection so far.

Key words: LNT, epidemiologic evaluation, low dose radiation, biological effect, dose-response relationship

中图分类号:

TL71

郑国峰, 商雨峣, 徐海峰. 低剂量辐射线性无阈模型的适用性分析[J]. 辐射防护, 2022, 42(6): 525-531.

ZHENG Guofeng, SHANG Yuyao, XU Haifeng. Applicability analysis of linear non threshold model for low dose radiation[J]. RADIATION PROTECTION, 2022, 42(6): 525-531.

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