总β排放限值对医疗机构实施Lu-177治疗的影响及优化路径探讨

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 我国现行国家标准规定,医疗机构放射性废水应经衰变池处理,衰变池出口总β放射性水平低于10 Bq/L(日均值)后,方可进行排放。Lu-177是一种β核素,伴有低能γ射线,在神经内分泌肿瘤治疗方面具备广阔应用前景。医疗机构使用Lu-177开展核素治疗时,部分Lu-177随病人排泄物等进入衰变池。含Lu-177废水需在衰变池暂存一定时间后,总β方可降至不高于排放限值。本文通过理论推导,给出了在住院、门诊两种治疗模式下,医院满负荷运行的情况下衰变池存满时池内Lu-177总活度的理论计算公式;进一步给出了废水的最小暂存时间以及医疗机构应配套建设的衰变池容量;介绍了不同历史时期我国废水排放标准中总β排放限值的规定;对现行废水总β排放限值的合理性及可能的优化路径进行了讨论。

关键词: Lu-177, 总β, 排放限值, 衰变池

Abstract: The current national standards in China stipulate that radioactive wastewater from medical institutions must be stored in a decay tank for some time. The wastewater can only be discharged when the total β-radioactivity level at the outlet of the decay tank is reduced to below 10 Bq/L (daily average). Lu-177, a β-nuclide accompanied by low-energy γ-rays, has broad application prospects in the treatment of neuroendocrine tumors. When medical institutions use Lu-177 for nuclide therapy, a portion of Lu-177 enters the decay tank through patient excreta and other means. The Lu-177-containing wastewater needs to be temporarily stored in the decay tank until the total β-radioactivity level is reduced to be below the discharge limit. This paper derives theoretical formulas for calculating the total activity of Lu-177 in the decay tank when the hospital is operating at full capacity under both inpatient and outpatient treatment modalities. Furthermore, it provides the minimum temporary storage time for wastewater and the required capacity of the decay tank that medical institutions should construct. The paper also reviews the regulations for the total β discharge limit in different historical periods in China and discusses the rationality and potential optimization paths for the current wastewater total β discharge limit.

Key words: Lu-177, total β, discharge limit, decay tank

中图分类号:

TL75

张琪, 葛云文. 总β排放限值对医疗机构实施Lu-177治疗的影响及优化路径探讨[J]. 辐射防护, 2024, 44(5): 546-553.

ZHANG Qi, GE Yuwen. The impact of total β discharge limits on Lu-177 nuclide therapy and recommendations for future optimization[J]. RADIATION PROTECTION, 2024, 44(5): 546-553.

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