铀燃料芯块表面及操作人员弱贯穿辐射剂量监测

辐射防护 ›› 2023, Vol. 43 ›› Issue (5): 473-477.

铀燃料芯块表面及操作人员弱贯穿辐射剂量监测

陈斌¹, 韦应靖^2,3, 安世峰¹, 王雨青²

1.辽宁红沿河核电有限公司,辽宁大连 116319;
2.中国辐射防护研究院辐射安全与防护山西省重点实验室,太原 030006;
3.清华大学核能与新能源技术研究院,北京 100084

收稿日期:2022-11-14 出版日期:2023-09-20 发布日期:2023-11-06
通讯作者: 韦应靖。E-mail:weiyj531@sina.com
作者简介:陈斌(1988—),男,2011年毕业于四川大学核工程与核技术专业,工程师。E-mail: chen_bin@cgnpc.com.cn

The weakly penetrating radiation dose measurement of surface of uranium fuel element surface and operator

CHEN Bin¹, WEI Yingjing^2,3, AN Shifeng¹, WANG Yuqing²

1. Liao Ning Hong Yan He Nuclear Power Co. Ltd.,Liaoning Dalian 116319;
2. Shanxi Key Laboratory for Radiation Safety and Protection China Institute for Radiation Protection,Taiyuan 030006;
3. Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology, Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084

Received:2022-11-14 Online:2023-09-20 Published:2023-11-06

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 铀燃料中²³⁸U和²³⁵U衰变时伴随着大量的β射线发射,操作铀燃料芯块的人员可能存在较大弱贯穿辐射风险。使用β谱仪和定向剂量当量率仪,对燃料芯块表面的β发射谱和β辐射剂量率进行了测量,测得燃料芯块发射的β射线最大能量为2.3 MeV,燃料芯块表面$\dot{H}$'(0.07)可达1.38 mSv/h,$\dot{H}$'(0.07) 和$\dot{H}$^*（10）的比值达到了约36.3。实验测得目前燃料芯块操作人员穿戴的防护用品对高能β射线几乎没有防护效果,燃料芯块操作人员H_p(0.07)和H_p(10)比值高达130。根据场所和人员弱贯穿辐射测量结果,提出了对铀燃料操作人员增加H_p(0.07)和H_p(3)监测的建议,并给出了可降低燃料芯块操作人员弱贯穿辐射剂量的防护方法。

关键词: 铀燃料芯块, $\dot{H}$'(0.07), $\dot{H}$^*, H_p(0.07), H_p(10)

Abstract: Along with β radiation of ²³⁸U and ²³⁵U dacay in uranium fuel. Existing, weakly penetrating radiation risk ofto operator of uranium fuel element exists. TIn this article,measuring the β spectrum was measured with β spectrometer and measuring the β dose rate was measured with directional dose equivalent meter,T, while the maximum energy of beta ray emitted from uranium fuel element is 2.3 MeV. The measurement results show that the $\dot{H}$'(0.07) is 1.38 mSv/h, and the $\dot{H}$'(0.07)/$\dot{H}$^*(10) is 36. The experimental results show that the protective clothing worn by the uranium fuel element operators has almost no protective effect on high-energy β rays, and the H_p(0.07)/H_p(10) is 130. AccordingBased on the measurement results of uranium fuel element and operator, it is suggested monitoring H_p(0.07) and H_p(3) for the operator of uranium fuel element. At the same time,, the weakly penetrating radiation protectiveon methods were provided.

Key words: uranium fuel element, $\dot{H}$'(0.07), ($\dot{H}$)^*(10), H_p(0.07), H_p(10)

中图分类号:

TL75+1

陈斌, 韦应靖, 安世峰, 王雨青. 铀燃料芯块表面及操作人员弱贯穿辐射剂量监测[J]. 辐射防护, 2023, 43(5): 473-477.

CHEN Bin, WEI Yingjing, AN Shifeng, WANG Yuqing. The weakly penetrating radiation dose measurement of surface of uranium fuel element surface and operator[J]. RADIATION PROTECTION, 2023, 43(5): 473-477.

参考文献

[1] ICRU. Dosimetry of external beta rays for radiation protection[R]. ICRU Publications 56. Bethesda, MD,1997.
[2] 曾进忠,韦应靖,何俊男,等. 秦山第二核电厂大修期间场所弱贯穿辐射调查[J].辐射防护,2019,39(4):287-296.
ZENG Jinzhong, WEI Yingjing, HE Junnan, et al. Investigation on weak penetration radiation in sute during outages in Qinshan phase Ⅱnuclear power plant[J]. Radiation Protection, 2019,39(4):287-296.
[3] 王川,韦应靖,倪伟,等. 秦山第二核电厂阀门类设备弱贯穿辐射调查[J]. 辐射防护,2018,38(6):456-465.
WANG Chuan, WEI Yingjing, NI Wei, et al. Investigation on weak penetration radiation of valves in Qinshan phase Ⅱnuclear power plant[J]. Radiation Protection, 2018,38(6):456-465.
[4] 侯炳君,赵鸿翮,韦应靖,等. 田湾核电站弱贯穿辐射调查与个人剂量监测[J].辐射防护,2020,40(1):11-18.
HOU Bingjun, ZHAO Honghe, WEI Yingjing, et al. Weakly penetrating radiation and personal dose monitoring in Tianwan Nuclear Power Station[J]. Radiation Protection, 2020,40(1):11-18.
[5] 韦应靖,刘立业,赵鹏飞,等. 秦山第二核电厂一回路稳压器弱贯穿辐射调查[J].中国辐射卫生,2019,28(1):76-79.
WEI Yingjing, LIU Liye, ZHAO Pengfei, et al. Weakly penetrating radiation of pressurizer in the primary loop of Qin Shan phaseⅡnuclear power plant[J]. Chinese Journal of Radiological Health, 2019,28(1):76-79.
[6] 潘自强,主编. 电离辐射防护和辐射源安全[M].北京:原子能出版社,2007:157-178.
PAN Ziqiang. Ionizing radiation protection and radiation source safety[M].Beijing: Atomic Energy Press,2007:157-178.
[7] 环境保护部辐射环境监测技术中心编著.核技术应用辐射安全与防护[M].杭州:浙江大学出版社,2012:25-26.
Radiation Environment Monitoring Technology Center of the Ministry of Environmental Protection. Radiation safety and protection in nuclear technology application[M]. Hangzhou:Zhejiang University Press, 2012:25-26.
[8] 韦应靖,方登富,孙训,等.一种基于薄塑料闪烁体探测器的定向剂量当量率监测仪研制[J].辐射防护,2019,39(1):7-12.
WEI Yingjing, FANG Dengfu, SUN Xun, et al. Development of a directional dose equivalent rate monitor based on thin plastic scintillation detector[J]. Radiation Protection, 2019,39(1):7-12.
[9] 董柳灿,许昌恒.肢端和眼睛热释光个人剂量计:EJ/T 1178—2005[S]. 北京:国防科学技术工业委员会, 2005.
[10] 中华人民共和国卫生部. X射线防护材料衰减性能的测定:GBZ/T 147—2002 [S]. 北京:中国标准出版社,2002-04-08.
[11] 韦应靖,赵鹏飞,倪伟,等. 一些常用个人防护用品的弱贯穿辐射防护性能评价[J].辐射防护,2018,38(6):480-485.
WEI Yingjing, ZHAO Pengfei, NI Wei, et al. Evaluation of weak penetration radiation protection for some personal protective articles [J]. Radiation Protection, 2018,38(6):480-485.
[12] 核工业标准化研究所.电离辐射防护与辐射源安全基本标准:GB 18871—2002 [S]. 北京:中国标准出版社,2002-10-08.