Table of Content

20 June 2020 Volume 40 Issue 3

  

Research Progress on Effects of Low dose Ionizing Radiation on Human Health

Yao Yebao, Ma Dexun, Yin Aimin, Luo Yingying, Liu Shufeng

RADIATION PROTECTION BULLETIN. 2020, 40(3):  1-8. 

Abstract ( 199 )   PDF (1096KB) ( 427 )  

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Ionizing radiation is considered as a non-threshold carcinogen. However, the mechanism of long-term low-dose ionizing radiation on the body has been very unclear. Radiation workers are the main subjects of long-term exposure to low dose ionizing radiation. Weinvestigated the relevant domestic and foreign literatures in order to clarify the impact of low-dose ionizing radiation on cell level, tissue or organ level, and cancer risk.

Discussion on out-of-barrel Gamma Measurement of NPP Solid Radioactive Wastes

LEI Qiang, JIANG Jing, HE Wei, XU Chen, LIU Zhe, ZHEN GuoWen

RADIATION PROTECTION BULLETIN. 2020, 40(3):  9-14. 

Abstract ( 94 )   PDF (4274KB) ( 273 )  

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The effect of activity and density distribution of solid radioactive waste in barrels on the detection efficiency and uncertainty of two kinds of out-of-barrel activity measurement systems, integrated gamma-ray measurement System (IGS) and segmented gamma-ray measurement system (SGS), commonly used in nuclear power plants in China is described. Field tests and Monte Carlo simulations show that the out-of-barrel gamma measurement system basically meets the requirements for activity measurement of barrelled wastes in nuclear power plants, and the uncertainty of measurement results caused by the distribution of activity and density is within 17% and 20% respectively. At the same time, the position and function of this method should be correctly understood. In view of the existing problems, it is suggested that the relevant technical specifications should be prepared, the working environment of the equipment should ensured, and the personnel training should be strengthened.

Dosimetric Comparison of Volume Modulated Arc Therapy and(Step and Shoot) Intensity Modulated Radiotherapy in Craniospinal Irradiation

Zhu Liying, Hu Xiaoyang, Sun Lei, Wang Yang

RADIATION PROTECTION BULLETIN. 2020, 40(3):  15-18. 

Abstract ( 157 )   PDF (692KB) ( 135 )  

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A retrospective study was conducted on 20 patients who received craniospinal irradiation in our hospital's radiotherapy center in 2019. After sketching the target area and organs at risk (OAR), the scanning CT images were transmitted to Treatment Planning System (TPS),Oncentra 4.A clinically feasible radiotherapy plan was designed for ss-IMRT and VMAT. Conformality index (CI), homogeneity index (HI), V₁₀₇, maximum dose (D_max), organ at risk (OAR) dose volume level, monitor units and treatment time were used to analyze in these groups.In VAMT group CI, HI, V₁₀₇, D_max and OAR of target areas were significantly superior to ss-IMRT group, the organ at risk dose volume level in the VAMT group was lower than the ss-IMRT groups. The VAMT group also had the less monitor units and the shorter treatment time. Dose radiation is extended and the overall dose is increased. Illustration VAMT has advantages over ss-IMRT in whole brain and spinal cord radiotherapy, but most of the patients undergoing CSI irradiation are children. Whether the increase of low dose radiation area brings adverse reactions and its clinical effects need to be further observed and studied.

Clinical Application of 640-slice Volume CT Combined with Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Angiograph

Shang Hailong, Lei Zhiyi, Yang Ling, Du Hongdi, Shen Hailin

RADIATION PROTECTION BULLETIN. 2020, 40(3):  19-24. 

Abstract ( 183 )   PDF (727KB) ( 86 )  

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The advantages of 640-slice volume CT were used to image carotid, cerebral and coronary arteries in one scan, to examine the image quality of combined cardio-cerebrovascular imaging and the radiation dose received by patients, and to exploreit's further value in clinical application. We studied 20 patients with combined cardiac and brain imaging (group 1), 20 patients with coronary CTA scan (group 2), and 20 patients with conventional carotid-cerebral vascular CTA (group 3). They were prospectively ECG-gated, and each group was measured separately the ascending aorta root, bilateral carotid arteries, internal carotid arteries and middle cerebral arteries M1 image CT value and image noise. The images were evaluated by 4-point method for coronary artery images and 3-point method for cervical-cerebrovascular images. The coronary artery images were evaluated by the 4-point method and the cervical-cerebrovascular images were evaluated by the 3-point method. The radiation dose received by patients in each group after scanning was recorded respectively.As a result,640-slice volume CT low-dose "one-stop" large-pitch cardio-cerebrovascular combined imaging can simultaneously provide coronary and carotid-cerebrovascular images that meet the needs of clinical diagnosis.We obtained 97.5% of coronary arterial images that meet the needs of diagnosis. There is no undiagnosable image in the neck-cerebrovascular image. The effective radiation exposure dose of combined cardio-cerebrovascular imaging is (3.99±0.37)mSv, and it is completely within the reasonable range acceptable to the patient, avoiding repeated CTA examinations. This can provide more information for clinical treatment at one time. It is therefore a simple, fast, non-invasive, low-contrast agent use, low exposure, objective and repeatable examination.

Clinical Analysis of Different Definitions of Normal Lung Tissue in Intensity-modulated Radiation Therapy for Lung Tumor

Shao Weixian, Shi Linxin, Yuan Cheng, Miao Hui, Zhang Wen, Liu Yazhou, Chen Honglin, Wang Qiang, Sun Suping

RADIATION PROTECTION BULLETIN. 2020, 40(3):  25-27. 

Abstract ( 61 )   PDF (665KB) ( 313 )  

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The lung is a parallel organ,which is radiation sensitive. It is necessary to strictly control the dose to normal lung tissue during chest radiotherapy. By comparing and analyzing the DVH map data obtained after the definition of two different lung ttissue, it is found that when a large tumor in the lung is defined, the tumor volume should be subtracted from the definition of normal lung tissue in order to more objectively reflect the functional lung ttissue intake and guide the delineation of normal lung tissue, so that lung injury can be predicted more accurately.

Clinical Significance of Serum CEA, SCC, VEGF Detection in Patients with Esophageal Cancer before and after Radiotherapy

Guo Feng, Du Aonan, Shi Jinglei, Shen Wenbin, Liu Yazhou, Wang Qiang

RADIATION PROTECTION BULLETIN. 2020, 40(3):  28-30. 

Abstract ( 95 )   PDF (670KB) ( 125 )  

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To study the changes and clinical significance of serum carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), squamous cell carcinoma-associated antigen (SCC) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) levels before and after intensity-modulated radiotherapy in patients with esophageal cancer, 50 cases of esophageal cancer treated by radiotherapy from January 2016 to December 2017, in our hospital were taken as the study group and 30 cases of healthy people as the control group. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to detect serum CEA, SCC, and VEGF levels in patients before and after radiotherapy. the changes of the above indicators before and after intensity-modulated radiotherapy were analyzed, as well as their relationship with clinical TNM stage and tumor infiltration. The results showed that the serum CEA, SCC, and VEGF levels of patients before IMRT were significantly higher than those after radiotherapy (p<0.05). After treatment, the serum levels of the above-mentioned indicators were significantly decreased (p<0.05), but still higher than that of the control group. TNM patients with different clinical stages have significant differences in the above indicators, of which stage III is the highest; patients with different tumor invasion depths also have significant differences in the above indicators, of which T4 stage is the highest (p<0.05). These indicate that the serum levels of CEA, SCC, and VEGF in esophageal cancer patients are different in the depth of tumor invasion, different clinical TNM stages, and before and after intensity modulated radiotherapy. It's important for formulating personalized treatment plans for esophageal cancer patients and observing the therapeutic effect.

Similarities and Differences between Psychological Intervention of Nuclear Power Plant Operators and General Psychological Counseling

Wu Zhenqing, Li Min, Liu Yulong

RADIATION PROTECTION BULLETIN. 2020, 40(3):  31-35. 

Abstract ( 62 )   PDF (1639KB) ( 65 )  

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Through the analysis of the research subjects' initial psychological interview report and the results of the General Assessment of Function (GAF) scale, it is found that there were significant differences betweenoperators and the general populationin the understanding and expectation of the nature of the interview, self-function and strength, the nature and content of the main difficulties, and the level of socipopulation. The operators participating in the psychological interview have a clear and accurate estimation of the interview goal. The difference in understanding and expectation of the nature of the psychological interview has a profound impact on the psychological interview work, to a certain extent, restricts operators from using clinical psychological resources more reasonably and effectively. The establishment of a scientific and complete mental health support system of labor security-science education-professional psychological assistance resources is more conducive to the mental health of the operator group.

Nuclear/Radiation Risk Assessment and Control at the 7th CISM Military World Games

Liu Chang, Wang Juan, Xiao Lixiang, Liu Jianhua, Zhou Xiaoxiao

RADIATION PROTECTION BULLETIN. 2020, 40(3):  36-40. 

Abstract ( 59 )   PDF (1167KB) ( 117 )  

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With many nuclear technology application units in Wuhan, the host city of the 7th CISM Military World Games, there is some risk for nuclear/radiation accidents. By identifying and evaluating the risk factors involved, 12 types of accidents that may occur were determined, along with the risk level. We then formulated targeted prevention and control measures, to move the radiation emergency management threshold forward, which's effectively guaranteed nuclear/radiation safety while ensuring the normal production activities of these units during the games.

Optimized Improvement of Radioactive Waste Oil Collection Container in Control Area of Nuclear Power Plant

Li Yuxin, Chen Hongchun

RADIATION PROTECTION BULLETIN. 2020, 40(3):  41-44. 

Abstract ( 44 )   PDF (747KB) ( 61 )  

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During the process of daily production and outage of nuclear power plant, a large amount of radioactive waste oil and non-radioactive waste oil will be produced in the maintenance of system equipment in radiation control area. However, there is nodedicated containers for waste oil collection and storage, and temporary containers have a variety of technical and management problems. We designeda set of radioactive waste oil collection devicesto solve problems for plastic barrels or stainless steel barrels, such as small storage space, poor stability, easy aging and damage, easy leakage, easy contamination and pollution dispersion, difficulty of decontamination and no radioactive shielding protection function.The prototype has been tested in practice and can meet the design requirements. It is expected to provide reference for the industry peers.

Mainframe Shielding Design Analysis and Protective Effect Verification for a Horizontal Industrial Electronic Radiation Accelerator

Wang Lujie, Wang Fei, Wu Hu

RADIATION PROTECTION BULLETIN. 2020, 40(3):  45-48. 

Abstract ( 60 )   PDF (2672KB) ( 64 )  

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A company is equipped with a horizontal industrial electronic irradiation accelerator to irradiate the cable due to production needs and the height restrictions of the existing workplace. The main unit of the accelerator is installed on the equipment platform and shielded with lead plate & steel plate. Due to unqualified testing, additional lead plates were attached later. The effectiveness and economy of this protection method are analyzed by combining theoretical calculation results and field verification test results.