Abstract: Nuclear emergency medical rescue is a part of disaster rescue medicine. We briefly review the development of disaster rescue medicine, the establishment and operation of foreign and domestic emergency medical rescue teams. We, on account of the Fukushima nuclear accident, highlight the general situation andoperation mode of nuclear accident rescue teams, the construction of on-site emergency rescue teams in nuclear facilities, as well as the training and drill of rescue teams, in Russia and the United States. On the other side, we sort out China's nuclear emergency rescue system of three-level rescue and four-level treatment, as well as the team formation at national level and above all the staffing and main tasks of on-site service units. We further analyze the current situation and existing deficiencies of training and dril, and provide suggestions for the capacity building of nuclear emergency rescue teams.

Key words: Nuclear emergency response, Disaster rescue medicine, Medical rescue team, Training and drill