氚水在大鼠和小鼠体内的分布、代谢、转移及剂量估算

辐射防护通讯 ›› 2019, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (5): 19-25.

氚水在大鼠和小鼠体内的分布、代谢、转移及剂量估算

吕慧敏¹, 周湘艳¹, 李莉¹, 张伟¹, 刘玉龙², 陈炜博²

1.中国疾病预防控制中心辐射防护与核安全医学所, 北京, 100088;
2.苏州大学附属第二医院, 江苏苏州, 215004

收稿日期:2019-03-31 发布日期:2019-10-20
通讯作者: 刘玉龙,yulongliu2002@126.com
作者简介:吕慧敏(1953—),女,1978年毕业于北京医学院(现北京大学医学部)药学专业,本科。研究员。主要从事放射毒理学研究。
基金资助:
“十三五”核能开发科研项目〔科工二司(2016)1295号〕。

Distribution, Metabolism Transfer and Dose Estimation for Tritiated Water in Rats and Mice

Lyu Huimin¹, Zhou Xiangyan¹, Li Li¹, Zhang Wei¹, Liu Yulong², Chen Weibo²

1. National Institute for Radiological Protection, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing,100088;
2. The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215004

Received:2019-03-31 Published:2019-10-20

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 本文汇总报道了氚水在大鼠和小鼠体内的分布、代谢、转移及剂量估算研究结果:(1)氚在小鼠体液及各组织中按指数下降规律呈均匀分布;(2)非妊娠鼠总氚的第一生物半排期约2 d,孕鼠和泌乳鼠分别约1.6和1.7 d,氚在母鼠、孕鼠和泌乳鼠体内的代谢规律基本一致;(3)大鼠组织中的氚活度分布不均匀,第15天组织中的滞留活度约占第1天的9％左右。(4) 氚化小麦组大鼠组织内总氚和有机结合氚均明显高于氚水组;(5)氚水可通过受伤皮肤吸收进入体内,不同受伤程度的皮肤对氚的吸收率为切割伤>磨擦伤>烫伤>化学烧伤;(6)小鼠妊娠期和泌乳期母体内氚可通过不同途径转移给胎儿和仔鼠,转移系数在1.06～2.37之间;(7)小鼠母鼠、妊娠鼠和泌乳鼠总氚累积吸收剂量分别为8.5、6.7和7.1 mGy。

关键词: 氚, 分布、滞留与转移, 组织中氚活度, 吸收剂量

Abstract: We studied the distribution and metabolism of tritium, and its transfer from mother to offsring, also estimated the absorption dose, in rats and mice. The results show that: 1) tritium is evenly distributed in mice body fluids and tissues accroding to the law of exponential decline, and retention curves are generally resolved into two exponential components; 2) the first biological half-life oftritium for non-pregnant mice is 2 days or so, while that for pregnant and lactating mice is about 1.6, 1.7 days respectively, and metabolism of tritium in normal, pregnant and lactating mice is basically the same; 3) the activity of tritium in the tissues of rats is unevenly distributed, and the retention on the 15th day accounts for about 9% of that on the 1st day; 4) the total and organic tritium in the tissues of rats of the tritiated wheat group is significantly higher than that for the tritiated water; 5) tritiated water can be absorbed into the body through the injured skin, and the importance of injury degree for absorption is cutting wound > scald> chemical burn; 6) tritium in pregnant and lactating mice can be transferred to embryonic and newborn mice by different ways, with the transfer coefficient between 1.06 and 2.37; 7)the cumulative absorption dose in normal, pregnant and lactating mice is 8.5, 6.7 and 7.1 mGy respectively.

Key words: Tritium, Distribution, retention and transfer, Tritium activity in tissue, Absorption dose

中图分类号:

Q691.5

吕慧敏, 周湘艳, 李莉, 张伟, 刘玉龙, 陈炜博. 氚水在大鼠和小鼠体内的分布、代谢、转移及剂量估算[J]. 辐射防护通讯, 2019, 39(5): 19-25.

Lyu Huimin, Zhou Xiangyan, Li Li, Zhang Wei, Liu Yulong, Chen Weibo. Distribution, Metabolism Transfer and Dose Estimation for Tritiated Water in Rats and Mice[J]. RADIATION PROTECTION BULLETIN, 2019, 39(5): 19-25.

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