低剂量氚照射对仔鼠中枢神经系统的影响及其机理研究

辐射防护通讯 ›› 2019, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (5): 2-18.

低剂量氚照射对仔鼠中枢神经系统的影响及其机理研究

王冰¹, 吕慧敏², 刘玉龙³, 高卫民², 王春燕², 董金婵², 张伟², 陈炜博³

1. 中国医学科学院放射医学研究所,天津,300192;
2.中国疾病预防控制中心辐射防护与核安全医学所,北京,100088;
3.苏州大学附属第二医院,江苏苏州,215004

收稿日期:2019-03-31 出版日期:2019-10-20 发布日期:2019-10-20
通讯作者: 刘玉龙,yulongliu2002@126.com
作者简介:王冰(1965—),男,1990年毕业于北京医科大学(现北京大学医学部)预防医学专业,本科;1992年毕业于预防医学科学院(现中国疾病预防控制中心)预防医学专业,硕士;1997年毕业于东京大学生命科学专业,博士。研究员。主要从事放射生物学研究。

Effects of Low-dose Tritium Irradiation onthe Central Nervous System of Offspring Rats and Its Mechanism

Wang Bing¹, Lyu Huimin², Liu Yulong³, Gao Weimin², Wang Chunyan², Dong Jinchan², Zhang Wei², Chen Weibo³

1. Institute of Raoliation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Tianjin, 300192;
2. National Institute for Radiological Protection, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 100088;
3. Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215004

Received:2019-03-31 Online:2019-10-20 Published:2019-10-20

摘要/Abstract

摘要： C57BL/6J小鼠妊娠12.5 d和Wistar大鼠妊娠13.0 d时,单次腹腔注射氚水,活度分别为0、24.09×10⁴、48.18×10⁴和144.54×10⁴ Bq/g,探讨低剂量氚照射对仔鼠中枢神经系统的影响及其机理。结果发现:(1)出生前氚照射可导致出生后生长发育受阻,神经行为早期的兴奋状态转为后期的抑制状态,学习能力及记忆功能明显下降;(2)大脑和小脑皮质厚度变薄,锥体细胞数减少,初级和次级树突数和比值明显减少,海马锥体细胞数减少以及脑神经元细胞缺失;(3)脑垂体生长抑素增高,下丘脑精氨酸加压素减少;(4)发育中的神经元表现出Ca²⁺电流降低,凋亡增加,DNA梯状图谱以及p53蛋白表达增高;(5)56项生物学指标中,45项致畸阈值在0.03～0.092 Gy范围内,11项致畸阈值在0.093～0.30 Gy范围内。结论认为,氚辐射导致中枢神经系统损伤的物质基础主要是脑神经活性物质改变、海马神经元Ca²⁺电流幅度下降、脑细胞凋亡增加、p53蛋白表达异常等。

关键词: 氚, 小鼠, 大鼠, 中枢神经系统, 脑海马, Ca²⁺电流, 细胞凋亡, 阈剂量

Abstract: Effects of low-dose tritium on thecentral nervous system of offspring mice and rats were studied. C57BL/6J mice and Wistar ratswere given single intraperitoneal injection of tritiated water, at doses of 0.00, 24.09, 48.18 and 144.54 (×10⁴ Bq/g) on the 12.5th and 13th day of gestation respectively. The results showthat pre-natal tritium irradiation leads to: (1)hindered growth and development after birth, a transform of neurobehavioral behavior from the early excitatory state to a late inhibition state, significantly reducedlearning ability and memory function; (2) thinning brain and cerebellar cortex thickness, decreased number of pyramidal cells, markedly decreased number and ratio of primary and secondary dendrites, decreased number of hippocampal pyramidal cells and loss of brain neuron cells; (3)increased pituitary somatostatin and decreased hypothalamic arginine vasopressin; (4)decreased Ca²⁺ current, increased apoptosis, increased DNA ladder map and p53 protein expression for developing neurons; (5)teratogenic thresholds of 0.03-0.092 Gy for 45 biological indicators, and 0.093-0.30 Gy for the other 11 ones studied concurrently. It is concluded that the material basis of central nervous system damage caused by tritium radiation is mainly the change of brain neuroactive substances, the decrease of Ca²⁺ current amplitude of hippocampal neurons, the increase of brain cell apoptosis, and the abnormal expression of p53 protein.

Key words: Tritium, Mouse, Rat, Central nerve system, Hippocampus, Ca²⁺ current, Apoptosis, Threshold dose

中图分类号:

Q345⁺.1

王冰, 吕慧敏, 刘玉龙, 高卫民, 王春燕, 董金婵, 张伟, 陈炜博. 低剂量氚照射对仔鼠中枢神经系统的影响及其机理研究[J]. 辐射防护通讯, 2019, 39(5): 2-18.

Wang Bing, Lyu Huimin, Liu Yulong, Gao Weimin, Wang Chunyan, Dong Jinchan, Zhang Wei, Chen Weibo. Effects of Low-dose Tritium Irradiation onthe Central Nervous System of Offspring Rats and Its Mechanism[J]. RADIATION PROTECTION BULLETIN, 2019, 39(5): 2-18.

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