Abstract: When conducting α energy spectrum analysis of radioactive aerosols using machine learning methods, a large number of α energy spectra are required to train the model. There are many difficulties in obtaining α energy spectra through radioactive aerosol experiments. Using the Monte Carlo simulation method to obtain α energy spectra is an effective solution. However, the weak penetrating power of α particles makes them susceptible to factors such as filter paper, air, and detector protective layers, posing challenges for high-precision simulation. To address this issue, a corresponding Monte Carlo calculation model was established. Experiments were conducted on ²⁴¹Am planar sources and radon progeny aerosol sources successively. The detector parameters and filter paper distribution parameters were corrected respectively. The simulated α energy spectra have good consistency with the experimental results in terms of peak position, spectrum shape, and detection efficiency, verifying the reliability of the method and laying the foundation for α energy spectrum analysis of radioactive aerosol monitors under complex source conditions.

Key words: radioactive aerosol, α spectrum, Monte Carlo, simulation