RADIATION PROTECTION BULLETIN

Research progress on radiation protection innew hybrid operating rooms

XUE Xinghua, TANG Ling, WANG Hongwei, LI Xiaofen, LIU Jiangong

RADIATION PROTECTION BULLETIN. 2024, 44(1): 1-5.

Abstract ( 38 )

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By investigating radiation sources and protection characteristics of hybrid operating rooms, some unnecessary radiation exposure to workers and patients during surgery could be effectively reduced by taking the following measures: reasonably planning the layout of the computer room, optimizing the workflow, adopting appropriate shielding materials and auxiliary measures, reasonably equipping and standardizing the use of personal protective equipment, strengthening radiation protection knowledge training for medical staff and individual dose monitoring as well as occupational health management measures. Therefore the radiation dose level could be reduced.

Research progress in bio-toxicity of Americium

YAN Qiao, MENG Fanfeng

RADIATION PROTECTION BULLETIN. 2024, 44(1): 6-11.

Abstract ( 32 )

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The physical and chemical properties, exposure pathways, mechanism of effect and toxicity of Americium were summarized by reviewing the literature and databases on Americium at home and abroad. Human metabolic data and rules observed in some cases of Americium contamination were introduced, and the biological effects, toxicology and treatment progress of Americium were summarized. Americium mainly emits alpha rays. Although its penetration is weak, its internal contamination is highly toxic. Americium inhaled or ingested by humans from the environment, drinking water and physical objects will enter the blood through lungs, gastrointestinal tract or skin, migrate to multiple organs and tissues of the human body, and accumulate in the liver and bone, causing damage to the human hematopoietic system, lungs, liver, bone, reproductive system and so on, which could have a strong carcinogenic effect. In view of the high toxicity of Americium and other actinides to human body and the prolonged impact on the environment, it is necessary to strengthen the detection and regulation of radioactivity in the environment, drinking water and food, and to attach importance to the study of the biological effects of Americium and other actinides, so that Americium can play a positive role in energy, medicine, industry and other fields.

Comparison and discussion of emergency classification on nuclear accident of nuclear fuel cycle facilities in China and USA

CUI Hao, CHEN Peng, LI Bing, YANG Duanjie

RADIATION PROTECTION BULLETIN. 2024, 44(1): 12-16.

Abstract ( 36 )

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The emergency action level of nuclear fuel cycle facilities is one of the grading criteria for the emergency status of nuclear fuel cycle facilities. The grading of emergency status is also an important basis for formulating the level of emergency operations. This paper introduces the history and current situation of the development of emergency classification of nuclear fuel cycle facilities in the U.S. NRC and China. This paper also compares the differences in the emergency status classification of nuclear fuel cycle facilities between China and the United States NRC. Finally, analysis results are discussed. It is recommended to conduct a complete secondary PSA study, to provide accident spectrum, and to provide sufficient technical support for the development of emergency status classification and emergency action level.

Influence of sphere-sphere interference in integrated multi-sphere neutron spectrometer

FENG Xiaobo, LIU Jianzhong

RADIATION PROTECTION BULLETIN. 2024, 44(1): 17-20.

Abstract ( 15 )

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The energy response ratio of the integrated multi-sphere neutron spectrometer when the seven measurement channels work simultaneously and each measurement channel works separately is calculated. The results of the energy response ratio of the two measuring modes are displayed the influence of the sphere-sphere interference decreases with the increase of the size of the slowing sphere, and the interference of the small-size slowing sphere increases with the increase of the neutron energy.

Hazardous waste volume and quantity reduction in a NPP

LIU Wenyuan, YE Ming, GONG Xu

RADIATION PROTECTION BULLETIN. 2024, 44(1): 21-24.

Abstract ( 29 )

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This study systematically reviews the good practice of hazardous waste volume and quantity reduction in a Nuclear Power Plant. This study also summarizes the life-cycle management and control strategy of hazardous waste, aiming to facilitate the wide application of the life-cycle management and control strategy of hazardous waste in nuclear power plants through experience sharing, and to promote nuclear power industry to reduce hazardous waste.

Practical exploration for radioactive decontamination of plate heat exchanger

LI Yuxin, LI Yanchao, LI Shengsong, LIANG Xu

RADIATION PROTECTION BULLETIN. 2024, 44(1): 25-30.

Abstract ( 33 )

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Plate heat exchangers used in the cooling and treatment system (PTR) and equipment cooling water system (RRI) of nuclear power plant reactors and spent fuel pools have a complex structure. During operation, radioactive hotspots are prone to accumulate at blind spots such as guide channels and grooves, making radioactive decontamination difficult. In the industry, they are mainly treated as solid radioactive waste. Plate heat exchangers are high-value specialized equipment, therefore NPP operators face significant pressure in cost control and radioactive waste minimization management due to large amount of waste disposal. In view of the above mentioned problems, Hongyanhe Nuclear Power Plant practices and explores decontamination method of radioactive contaminated plate heat exchanger, and adopts the sectional decontamination method "chemical decontamination+foam decontamination+strippable film decontamination" to carry out the test. After decontamination, the surface contamination level of the heat exchanger is less than 0.4 Bq/cm², and the cumulative decontamination rate of the four stages is about 99.80%. 193 radioactive contaminated plate heat exchangers are all reused.

Discussion on radioactive contamination in nuclear medicine workplace

FAN Xiangyong, MA Jiayi

RADIATION PROTECTION BULLETIN. 2024, 44(1): 31-36.

Abstract ( 34 )

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With the rapid development of nuclear medicine, internal exposure caused by ^99mTc, ¹⁸F and ¹³¹I should be paid attention to. Radionuclide concentration in the workplaces of nuclear medicine department and internal radiation for nuclear medicine staff were monitored in two hospitals. The results of internal personal dose monitoring were compared with external radiation to explore the reasons for radionuclide contamination in nuclear medicine departments. As a result, ¹⁸F and ¹³¹I aerosols were found in nuclear medicine workplaces, while ^99mTc aerosols were not found; There is ¹³¹I internal radiation contamination in the bodies of nuclear medicine staff; The personal dose monitoring results of nuclear medicine personnel exposed to external radiation are normal. By analyzing the commonality of nuclear medicine workplaces in two hospitals, the reasons for radionuclide contamination and how to avoid radionuclide contamination in nuclear medicine department were discussed.

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