Abstract: The dose estimation of acute exposure can no longer be ignored. International organizations such as the IAEA have recommended dosimetric quantities specifically applicable to dose estimation of acute exposure and related emergency response actions. Currently, China faces considerable shortcomings in this field, the urgent basic need is the dose estimation method for acute exposure. Based on the scientific foundation of radiation protection and the latest international research achievements, the national standard GB/T 46475—2025 titled "Estimation Method for Weighted Absorbed Dose of Acute exposure" has been developed through a three-year effort. This standard establishes the principles for estimating relative biological effectiveness (RBE)-weighted absorbed doses for acute exposure and describes the estimation methods, including acute exposure pathways, RBE values for evaluating deterministic effects, internal exposure dose estimation, and external exposure dose estimation. It can provide technical support for dose estimation and emergency protection actions in nuclear and radiation accidents involving acute exposure.

Key words: acute exposure, deterministic effect, RBE weighted, dose estimation