放射性核素污染伤口的生物动力学模型及其对核应急医学救援的启示

辐射防护通讯 ›› 2026, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (2): 33-38.

放射性核素污染伤口的生物动力学模型及其对核应急医学救援的启示

王涛, 龙爽, 冉新泽, 王军平

陆军军医大学(第三军医大学)军事预防医学系防原医学教研室,全军复合伤研究所,重庆 400038

收稿日期:2025-10-23 出版日期:2026-04-20 发布日期:2026-05-07
作者简介:王涛(1978—),男,2008年博士毕业于第三军医大学军事预防医学专业,副教授,主要从事放射损伤防护相关的教学与科研工作。E-mail:wangtmmu@hotmail.com
基金资助:
陆军军医大学教育训练改革研究课题(2022B07)。

Biokinetic model of radionuclide-contaminated wounds and its implication fornuclear emergency medical rescue

WANG Tao, LONG Shuang, RAN Xinze, WANG Junping

Department of Radiation Medicine, Institute of Combined Injury, School of Preventive Military Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing 400038

Received:2025-10-23 Online:2026-04-20 Published:2026-05-07

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 伤口放射性核素污染是核与辐射事故中常见的一类伤情,其医学处置是核应急医学救援的重要内容。放射性核素伤口污染可导致内照射放射损伤、随机性效应风险、化学毒性、愈合障碍、污染扩散转移、心理负担增加等多种危害。美国国家辐射防护与测量委员会(NCRP)联合国际放射防护委员会(ICRP)针对放射性核素污染的伤口开发了生物动力学模型,其根据物理化学性质将伤口处的放射性核素概括为5种状态,并总结了伤口可溶性核素与不可溶性核素滞留、吸收、蓄积、排出的动态规律。结合核应急医学救援的实际应用场景,进一步梳理救援中上述生物动力学模型在救援实践中针对早期医学处理决策与促排治疗等环节的指导意义,期望能为核应急医学救援工作人员提供一定的参考借鉴。

关键词: 放射性核素污染伤口, 生物动力学模型, 核应急医学救援, 可溶性核素, 不可溶性核素, 促排治疗

Abstract: Wound contamination by radionuclide is a common scenario in nuclear and radiation accidents, and its medical management constitutes a crucial aspect of nuclear emergency medical rescue. Radionuclide wound contamination can cause various hazards such as internal radiation injury, risk of stochastic effects, chemical toxicity, wound healing disorders, contamination spread and transfer, and increased psychological burden. The US National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements(NCRP), in collaboration with the International Commission on Radiological Protection(ICRP), has developed a biokinetic model for wounds contaminated with radionuclides. This model categorizes the radionuclides at the wound site into five states based on their physicochemical properties and summarizes the dynamic laws of retention, absorption, accumulation, and excretion of soluble and insoluble nuclides in the wound. In light of the actual application scenarios of nuclear emergency medical rescue, this paper further sorts out the guiding significance of the above-mentioned biokinetic model in the rescue practice for early medical treatment decisions and decorporation therapy, etc., hoping to provide some reference for colleagues engaged in nuclear emergency medical rescue.

Key words: radionuclide-contaminated wounds, biokinetic model, medical rescue of nuclear emergency, soluble nuclides, insoluble nuclides, decorporation therapy

中图分类号:

R818

王涛, 龙爽, 冉新泽, 王军平. 放射性核素污染伤口的生物动力学模型及其对核应急医学救援的启示[J]. 辐射防护通讯, 2026, 46(2): 33-38.

WANG Tao, LONG Shuang, RAN Xinze, WANG Junping. Biokinetic model of radionuclide-contaminated wounds and its implication fornuclear emergency medical rescue[J]. RADIATION PROTECTION BULLETIN, 2026, 46(2): 33-38.

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