宁夏灵武市玉米和水稻可食部位放射性核素含量及其所致居民年有效剂量

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 通过采样分析调查区域内玉米和水稻可食部位²³⁸U、²²⁶Ra和²³²Th的活度浓度,估算其所致居民年有效剂量,从而对该区域食品安全进行科学评价。结果显示:玉米可食部位²³⁸U、²²⁶Ra、²³²Th活度浓度均值分别为0.003 7、0.214和0.005 Bq·kg^-1;水稻可食部位相应核素活度浓度均值分别为0.051 6、1.516和0.068 Bq·kg^-1。研究表明,玉米和水稻可食部位对²³⁸U、²²⁶Ra、²³²Th富集能力均较弱,其中水稻对3种核素的富集系数略高于玉米;研究区玉米和水稻可食部位放射性活度浓度均低于《食品中放射性物质限制浓度标准》(GB 14882—94)规定的限值,处于我国正常本底水平范围内;根据当地居民食谱计算的所致居民内照射剂量值显著低于现存照射情况下食品引起照射的个人剂量准则1 mSv/a,食用后不会对居民健康产生影响。

关键词: 玉米, 水稻, 放射性核素含量, 年有效剂量, 宁夏灵武市

Abstract: In order to investigate the content of radionuclides in edible parts of corn and rice in the study area and their resulting annual effective dose to residents, and to provide a scientific basis for ensuring food safety and people’s health, this study analyzed the activity concentrations of ²³⁸U, ²²⁶Ra, and ²³²Th in edible parts of corn and rice from the study area. The results showed that the mean activity concentrations of ²³⁸U, ²²⁶Ra, and ²³²Th in corn were 0.003 7, 0.214, and 0.005 Bq/kg respectively; while the mean activity concentrations of ²³⁸U, ²²⁶Ra, and ²³²Th in rice were 0.051 6, 1.516, and 0.068 Bq/kg respectively. It was also found that rice exhibited a slightly stronger capacity for accumulating radionuclides compared to corn, although the overall enrichment capacity for both crops remained weak. Importantly, the activity concentrations of radiouclides in corn and rice from the study area were below the limits specified in national standards and fell within normal background range of Limit Concentrations of Radioactive Substances in Food Standards. The calculated internal dose value based on local residents′ recipes is significantly lower than the individual dose criterion of 1 mSv/a for existing exposure situations. Therefore, consumption of these crops poses no health risks to residents and is safe for consumption.

Key words: corn, rice, radionuclide content, annual effective dose

中图分类号:

X836

窦志娟, 赵德才, 杨秀龙, 芮婷, 王赕, 李佐有. 宁夏灵武市玉米和水稻可食部位放射性核素含量及其所致居民年有效剂量[J]. 辐射防护通讯, 2025, 45(6): 35-40.

DOU Zhijuan, ZHAO Decai, YANG Xiulong, RUI Ting, WANG Dan, LI Zuoyou. Radionuclides contents in edible parts of corn and rice and their annual effective doses to residents in Lingwu of Ningxia[J]. RADIATION PROTECTION BULLETIN, 2025, 45(6): 35-40.

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