铀污染土壤植物修复中种质资源筛选及技术改进研究进展

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摘要： 铀污染土壤的处理是铀矿环境治理问题的热点,而植物修复技术是一种致力于修复土壤重金属污染的新方法,研究铀在植物体内的富集是植物修复铀污染土壤的重点,筛选富集能力强的植物尤为重要。通过调研在不同土壤pH值和土壤有机物含量条件下,不同浓度铀污染土壤的富集植物,获得优质铀富集植物的种质资源,同时可以通过添加土壤改良剂、植物微生物联合修复、间作修复的修复方式相结合,以期使植物对铀获得更好的富集能力。调研结果表明莎草科、禾本科、锦葵科、十字花科、菊科、鸭跖草科在铀富集能力上表现良好,可作为铀富集植物的种质资源开展研究。

关键词: 铀, 富集, 植物修复

Abstract: Uranium contaminated soil treatment is a hot issue in uranium mine environmental management. Phytoremediation technology is a new method dedicated to the remediation of heavy metal pollution in soil. The study of uranium concentration in plants is the focus of phytoremediation of uranium contaminated soil, and it is particularly important to screen plants with strong concentration ability. By investigating the concentration plants under different soil pH values and soil organic matter content conditions, germplasm resources of high-quality uranium-concentrated plants can be obtained. At the same time, it can be combined with soil amendment, plant-microbe remediation, and inter-cropping remediation methods to improve the plant′s ability to concentrate uranium. The research results show that Cyperaceae, Poace, Malvaceae, Brassicaceae, Asteraceae, and Commelinaceae perform well in uranium concentration and can be used as germplasm resources for uranium-concentrated plants.

Key words: uranium, concentration, phytoremediation

中图分类号:

X591;TL75

张超, 乔新燕, 曹少飞. 铀污染土壤植物修复中种质资源筛选及技术改进研究进展[J]. 辐射防护通讯, 2025, 45(1): 10-18.

ZHANG Chao, QIAO Xinyan, CAO Shaofei. Research progress on germplasm resources screening of uranium concentrated plants[J]. RADIATION PROTECTION BULLETIN, 2025, 45(1): 10-18.

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