Table of Content

20 January 2014 Volume 34 Issue 1

  

CONTENTS

CONTENTS

RADIATION PROTECTION. 2014, 34(1):  0-0. 

Abstract ( 1 )   PDF (146KB) ( 0 )  

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Exposure Control of Workers in Nuclear and Radiological Emergency Exposure Situations

Yang Duanjie, Li Bing, Chen Xiaoqiu

RADIATION PROTECTION. 2014, 34(1):  1-4. 

Abstract ( 3 )   PDF (724KB) ( 0 )  

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An overview was provided of some principles and requirements of ICRP and IAEA for the exposure control of emergency workers. Several key issues were summarized on how to control exposure of workers in emergency exposure situations. An exemplary description was performed on the dose control of emergency workers in a nuclear power plant.

Issues in Radiation Environmental Monitoring in China

Zhang Caihong, Ren Xiaona, Sha Lianmao, Hu Fengquan

RADIATION PROTECTION. 2014, 34(1):  5-10. 

Abstract ( 2 )   PDF (640KB) ( 0 )  

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Major issues in radiation environmental monitoring works in our country are analyzed, such as the optimization and adjustment of radiation monitoring program, improvement and verification of analysis method, analysis and assessment of monitoring data, proper interpretation and applications of detection limits, and the practice of sample comparison in quality assurance. Accordingly, potential solutions are then proposed.

Optimization Analysis for the Duct Shielding Structure of CSNS Linac Kaystron Hall

Wang Qingbin, Sang Yong, Wu Qingbiao, Ma Zhongjian, Liu Jian

RADIATION PROTECTION. 2014, 34(1):  11-16. 

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The China Spallation Neutron Source(CSNS) is an accelertor-based high-power and high-intensities project, the duct shielding structure is an important problem during the radiation protection design. From the radiation safety aspect for the staff working in the Linac Kaystron Hall, this paper adopts the M-C program FLUKA to simulate the duct shielding effect, which located in the main-auxiliary tunnel of Linac and the roof of the auxilary tunnel. After comparing some shielding optimization projects, this paper provides the improved suggestion for duct shielding according to the simulated results and the restricted dose value of the working place.

Analysis and Measurements on Radiation Doses of EAST Neutral Beam Test Facility

Chen Yuqing, Hu Chundong, Wu Bin, Wang Jinfang, Xie Yahong

RADIATION PROTECTION. 2014, 34(1):  17-20. 

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The radiation doses at six critical points were simulated with analytic methods during EAST high power neutral beam test facility operating with hydrogen. Also, the doses were measured by using Optically Stimulated Luminescence (OSL). Theoretical values and OSL measurements demonstrate that: the calculated values are agreed with the OSL data to a certain extent. Meanwhile, the results prove that the existing shielding device satisfies the requirements on radiation protection for the operation of EAST neutral beam injector.

Experimental Study on Capturing and Encapsulating Radioactive Aerosol Generated in Plasma Cutting

Zhang Wenjun, Wu Mingliang, Wang Xudong, Wang Yongxian, Guo Lixiao, Liu Haiqing

RADIATION PROTECTION. 2014, 34(1):  21-26. 

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The radioactive aerosol and loose contamination generated in disassembling the contaminated equipment by plasma cutting was harmful to the operator’s health. The method of atomizing capture liquid was used to capture and encapsulate the radioactive aerosol. The result of the engineering test indicated that reducing the capture liquid’s surface tension can decrease the atomized droplet’s particle diameter. That benefits the aerosol particle capturing. The higher viscosity contributes to encapsulate the loose contamination. On the decommissioning site, the selected capturing liquid in engineering test was effective in capturing the high concentration αradioactive aerosol and encapsulating the loose contamination. The encapsulating effort could prevent the loose contamination from resuspension for several days.

Study on Continuous Measurement Technique for Radon Exhalation Rate of Soil

Sun Ke, Zhang Lei, Guo Qiuju

RADIATION PROTECTION. 2014, 34(1):  27-32. 

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It is very important to measure radon exhalation rate from soil continuously for a better evaluation on the source of radon and its level, environmental radon exposure, and uranium tailings processing. Continuous measurement on radon exhalation rate of soil was studied theoretically and practically. As the result, a device was developed on basis of the flow air method, and a 24 days field continuous measurement was carried out in the northwest of Beijing with the device developed during spring 2012. It was indicated by the experimental results that rainfall has obvious effect on radon exhalation rate from soil. In the process of rainfall, radon exhalation rate increased apparently, and the increment of radon exhalation rate heightened with the rise of precipitation. For days of no rain, the radon exhalation rate from soil presented diurnal variation, and the diurnal periodical change of soil humidity was considered to be the main cause of this phenomenon.

Preparation and Application of Radioactive Soil Samples for Intercomparison

Gao Zequan, Li Zhou, Li Pengxiang, Wang Ruijun, Ren Xiaona

RADIATION PROTECTION. 2014, 34(1):  33-37. 

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This article summarized the preparation process and intercomparison results of the simulated environmentalradioactive soil samples. The components of the matrix were:SiO₂, Al₂O₃, Fe₂O₃, MgO, CaO, NaCl, KCl and TiO₂. All of the components were milled, oven-dried, sieved and then blended together. The homogeneity test was according to GB 15000.5—1994, and no significant differences were observed. The ³H analysis soils were spiked natural soils with the moisture content of 15%. Eight laboratories attended this intercomparison. The results proves that the preparation of the simulated soils were suitable for the inter-laboratories comparison.

Comparison of Tritium Concentration in Rainwater and Atmosphere around TNPS before and after Commercial Service

Guo Yinglai

RADIATION PROTECTION. 2014, 34(1):  38-40. 

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Monitoring results of tritium concentration in the rainwater and atmosphere around Tianwan Nuclear Power Station (TNPS) are introduced, and relevant factors influencing tritium concentration are analyzed. Before and after TNPS commercial service, the result shows that tritium concentration in the rainwater and atmosphere around TNPS rises from background level to twice background level or so and there is not obviously change beyond ten kilometers. Relative factors influencing tritium concentration in the rainwater and atmosphere mainly include gas tritium discharge, the distance to discharge point, the direction and frequency of wind, and amount of precipitation.

Study on Postulated Accident for Siting of Pressurized-water Nuclear Power Plants

Xie Weiliang, Hu Yu, Fang Dong

RADIATION PROTECTION. 2014, 34(1):  41-46. 

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In this paper, the development of accident for siting of pressurized-water nuclear power plants (NPPs) is briefly described firstly. Postulated conditions of source terms based-on RG 1.183 and RG 1.195 are compared and the accident source terms for AP1000 and CPR1000 NPPs are calculated respectively. Finally, offsite radiological consequences for some specified NPP are evaluated according to the calculated accident source terms. The results show that 1, based-on the RG 1.183 assumptions, the most serious offsite radiological consequences of 2 hours for the AP1000 and CPR1000 NPPs happen during 1.25—3.25 h and 0.7—2.7 h respectively after accident, and 2, in the same based-on the RG 1.183 or RG 1.195, radiological consequences of CPR1000 NPPs is less than that for AP1000 NPPs.

Long Term Cumulative Radiological Impact Assessment to Liquid Effluent of American Inland NPPs

Shangguan Zhihong, Huang Yanjun, Tao Yunliang, Zhou Ruming

RADIATION PROTECTION. 2014, 34(1):  47-55. 

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The annual radioactivity monitoring reports (2005—2011) for 38 typical inland nuclear power plants in US were investigated, and the artificial radioactivity levels in the sediments of receiving water of liquid effluent were analyzed. It was indicated that the long term operation of these NPPs had no obvious cumulative impacts on sediment, only at a few of which were found radioactivity originated from liquid effluents around discharge points, and much lower than the natural radioactivity concentrations. Only a very few NPPs had an effect with relatively higher concentration levels of radioactivity in sediment, which was due to the poor hydrological conditions of the receiving water for the dilution of radioactive liquid effluents. According to the dose assessments of artificial radioactivity in sediment to public individuals, all American typical inland NPPs had negligible impacts on public health compared to the natural public background and the personal dose constraint of liquid effluent regulated by NRC.

Changes in US Commercial Radioactive Waste Management and Lessons Learned in China

Cai Tingsong, Yan Cangsheng

RADIATION PROTECTION. 2014, 34(1):  56-64. 

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The changes of commercial radioactive waste management in the US and the work done by the LLW generators in seeking new means to cost-effectively dispose these wastes without prejudicing future disposal options are introduced. Then the article concludes the lessons learned on radioactive waste management in China.