RADIATION PROTECTION

Preliminary analysis of activity concentration distributions of airborne ²¹⁰Po and ²¹⁰Pb in major cities in China

Pan Jingshun, Wen Fuping, Chen Ling, Ren Xiaona, Zhang Jing, Zhao Shunping, Cao Zhonggang, Pan Ziqiang

RADIATION PROTECTION. 2017, 37(6): 433-437.

Abstract ( 55 )

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As natural radionuclides, ²¹⁰Po and ²¹⁰Pb are important sources for natural exposure, generally being attached to the particulates in air. In order to analyze the activity concentration distribution of airborne ²¹⁰Po and ²¹⁰Pb in China, environmental aerosols were sampled and assayed. The results showed that the activity concentrations of airborne ²¹⁰Po and ²¹⁰Pb in China were generally higher than those in other countries.

Special requirements for radiation monitoring in nuclear and radiological emergency

Xia Yihua, Wang Shaolin

RADIATION PROTECTION. 2017, 37(6): 438-444.

Abstract ( 54 )

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Based on the lessons learned from emergency responses to the past nuclear and radiological accidents and the actuality of emergency practices in China, special requirements for radiation monitoring with extreme and varied situations, imminent time, potentially high radiation levels and psychological stress in emergency were analyzed and discussed in detail.

Investigation on discharge, dose assessment and monitoring methods of ⁶³Ni in liquid effluents from nuclear power plants

Shangguan Zhihong, Huang Yanjun, Sha Xiangdong, Wu Liansheng, Chen Chaofeng

RADIATION PROTECTION. 2017, 37(6): 445-452.

Abstract ( 39 )

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⁶³Ni is one of the main radionuclides with more than 10% of the total activity for all fission products and activation products in liquid effluent from nuclear power plant (NPP), but until now in China there is no monitoring data for ⁶³Ni in liquid effluents from NPPs. On the basis of the discharge sources of ⁶³Ni and the reference values of discharge statistics in nuclear power plants of pressurized water reactors abroad, the dose assessment and the measurement methods for ⁶³Ni were investigated and monitoring of ⁶³Ni in liquid effluents discharged from nuclear power plants in China is proposed.

Study on radionuclide concentrations in seawater and sediments from the Pearl River estuary, Dapeng Bay and Daya Bay

Ding Minxia, Liu Guoqing, Feng Jiangping, Shi Jinsong, Luo Qi, Guo Zhiming

RADIATION PROTECTION. 2017, 37(6): 453-458.

Abstract ( 60 )

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The concentrations of radionuclides in seawater and sediment samples from the Pearl River Estuary, Dapeng Bay and Daya Bay in Shenzhen were reported. During the cruises in September 2013 and April 2014, seawater and sediment samples were collected and analyzed for ²²⁶Ra, ²³²Th, ⁴⁰K, ¹³⁷Cs and ¹¹⁰mAg. The activity concentrations of ²²⁶Ra, ²³²Th, ⁴⁰K and ¹³⁷Cs in the seawater were 12.8—42.6 Bq/m³ (averaged 21.7±7.3 Bq/m³), 3.2—26.6 Bq/m³ (averaged 11.8±6.5 Bq/m³), 529.7—974.1 Bq/m³ (averaged 820.6±120.0 Bq/m³ ), and 0.5—3.8 Bq/m³ (averaged 2.3±1.0 Bq/m³), respectively. They were 16.9—35.0 Bq/kg (averaged 27.9±7.2 Bq/kg), 22.0—59.8 Bq/kg (averaged 36.5±11.1 Bq/kg), 326.2—621.0 Bq/kg (averaged 456.2±100.1 Bq/kg), and 0.3—3.5 Bq/kg (averaged 1.5±0.7 Bq/kg) in the sediment. The activity concentrations of ^110mAg were below the detection limit for all the samples. The concentration levels of these radionuclides in this area were about the same as other near-shore areas in China.

Methods for measuring gross α and gross β in aerosol and monitoring of radioactivity levels in environmental aerosol samples from Shanxi Province

Geng Xia, Lu Huibin

RADIATION PROTECTION. 2017, 37(6): 459-464.

Abstract ( 51 )

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To meet the requirements for monitoring gross α/β activity in aerosol samples, experiments were conducted for optimization considering of the influence of sample storage time, ashing temperature, and ashing time on the loss of radionuclides in aerosol samples, as well as the influence of sample thickness on detection efficiency. With this optimized method, aerosol samples from Datong, Linfen, and Taiyuan of Shanxi province during 2014 and 2015 were analyzed. The results indicated that the gross α and gross β activities in aerosol samples collected from Datong and Linfen were lower than those from Taiyuan, and the gross activities in aerosol samples from all four monitoring sites were higher in the first and fourth quarter than those in the second and third quarter.

Hybrid phantom of mussel for calculation of dose conversion coefficients

Li Yang, Li Jianguo, Wang Aijun

RADIATION PROTECTION. 2017, 37(6): 465-471.

Abstract ( 48 )

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A hybrid phantom of mussel has been developed for radiation protection of the environment. Based on the Polygon Mesh (PM) and non-uniform rational B-spline (NURBS) surfaces, the phantom was created from the same data set of CT images with open and closed shell to evaluate dose conversion coefficients (DCC). ¹³⁷Cs in the water for external exposure and ⁹⁰Sr in the organism for internal exposure were both simulated for the mussel in open and closed state by the Monte Carlo simulations. The results showed that, for external exposure, DCC of the mussel in the open state were larger than those of the closed state while in the case of internal exposure it was quite the contrary. It confirmed that deformation of the organs could cause different absorbed dose rates.

Study on the method for calibration of radon detector with canned radon

Sheng Yunfeng, Wan Jun

RADIATION PROTECTION. 2017, 37(6): 472-475.

Abstract ( 78 )

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In order to meet the needs for calibration of radon detector during the verification interval, a method using canned radon was developed. The measurement is based on the principle of measuring radon and the law of radon decay. A dynamic standard material—canned radon was developed, which can effectively overcome the lack and shortcomings of the standard radium source and be used in the quality control of radon detector. The experiment results showed that this method could meet the requirements for radon calibration source in JJG 825—2013 “Verification regulation of radon detector”, confirming that it is feasible to calibrate radon detector using this method.

Investigation and evaluation of radioactive environment in a bone coal mine area in Xiushui County, Jiangxi Province

Wang Honghai, Zhang Linxi, Xu Naizheng, Wei Xinxiang, Dou Xiaoping

RADIATION PROTECTION. 2017, 37(6): 476-482.

Abstract ( 88 )

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The development and comprehensive utilization of bone coal may cause certain pollution to the environment including the increased environmental radioactive level and radiation dose to the residents. Combined with multi-media sampling analysis, gamma dose rate field monitoring and ground gamma-ray spectrometry, the relationship between radionuclide distribution and environmental gamma dose rate of a typical bone coal mine in Xiushui County were investigated, and radiation dose to the residents in the mining area was estimated. The results showed that the average ground-level gamma dose rate up to 662 nGy/h has been reached, where the uranium deposit is mainly in the form of carbon silicon mudstone type. The measured activities of radionuclides in bone coal, bone-coal cinder, soil and water samples in this area were higher than the corresponding background values in the province. The effective dose to the surrounding residents was greater than 1 mSv per year. Radiation monitoring and control for bone coal mining is required.

Construction of comprehensive supervision information system for radiological hygiene in Shanghai

Wang Bin, Gao Linfeng, Zheng Junzheng, Qian Aijun, Yao Jie, Xiao Hong

RADIATION PROTECTION. 2017, 37(6): 483-489.

Abstract ( 48 )

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The construction of medical and health information system is an important part of the development strategy of national informatization, which is an inevitable trend in digital medicine and big data era. Based on expounding the necessity of informatization in modernization development, this paper described the construction of the Integrated Radiological Hygiene Supervision Information System in Shanghai. It aims at discussing and promoting the further development of the corresponding construction, thereby enhancing the effective supervision and management of radiological protection to better serve the general public.

Basic approach to “The 13th Five-Year Plan” on radiation safety in nuclear technology utilization

Qu Yunhuan, Zhou Xiaojian, Li Xiaoding, Li Guanghui, Dong Yiman

RADIATION PROTECTION. 2017, 37(6): 490-494.

Abstract ( 52 )

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The progresses in radiation safety management during the 12th Five- Year Plan period were summarized; the challenges for nuclear technology utilization in the 13th Five-Year Plan were analyzed, which came into the general approach to carrying out the 13th Five-Year Plan. It was recommended that the work should be done in nine aspects, which were: promoting the healthy development of the industry, strengthening the supervision capacity construction, improving the standard of laws and regulations, promoting the decentralization of the government, strengthening the management of high-risk mobile radioactive sources, strengthening the storage of waste radioactive sources, strengthening the construction of anti-terrorism ability, cultivating safety culture, and deepening public participation.

Discrepancy comparison and analysis of domestic and foreign standards for adsorbent media of iodine absorbers

Qiao Taifei, Zhang Yuan, Ma Ying, Chen Jianli, Yu Jie, Li Yanzhang

RADIATION PROTECTION. 2017, 37(6): 495-500.

Abstract ( 68 )

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The China Bureau of Energy standard “NB/T 20039.15—2012 Code on nuclear air and gas treatment-Ventilation, air conditioning, and air cleaning-Part 15: Adsorbent media” set the minimum requirements for performance, design, acceptance test, and quality assurance of adsorbent media used in air and gas treatment systems of nuclear facilities. This is an important document for ensuring the safe operation of nuclear facilities. The discrepancies between this domestic standard and foreign standards were compared and the causes of discrepancies were analyzed. Other opinions and requirements related to the adsorbent media from some guidelines and standards were also explained to promote professional understanding on the requirements and background information for this kind of adsorbent media of iodine absorbers in nuclear facilities.

Issues on nuclear power public participation after detachment from environmental impact assessment

Lu Xinhua, Chai Jianshe, Fang Yuan, Zhang Kun

RADIATION PROTECTION. 2017, 37(6): 501-506.

Abstract ( 51 )

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Technical guideline for environmental impact assessment of construction project—General Program (HJ 2.1—2016) was put into force since Jan.1st, 2017. Since then public participation has been detached from environmental impact assessment. Through the investigation on the situations in the United States, France and Canada, a comparison with the practice in China was made in the aspects of law, scope of participants, timing and ways of participation. It indicated that there were still some issues necessarily to be addressed further. The suggestions for improvements were given.

Research status on effectiveness of lead glasses for occupational protection in interventional procedures

Yu Weiyue, Chen Faguo, Han Yi, Li Guodong, Yang Mingming

RADIATION PROTECTION. 2017, 37(6): 507-514.

Abstract ( 63 )

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The reduced occupational dose limit for eye lens has lead to extensive attentions on the dose monitoring, evaluation, and protection for eye lens. The importance of lead glasses for radiation protection of the eye lens of medical workers in interventional procedures has been stressed by recent studies, where Monte Carlo calculations and experimental measurements based on anthropomorphic phantom or clinical practice were used to investigate the protection effectiveness of lead glasses. In this work, research status on protection effectiveness of lead glasses was summarized and the influencing factors analyzed. The dose to the eye lens is mainly contributed by radiation exposure to the eyes through the gap between the glasses and eyes. The geometry conditions such as glasses shape, air gap, beam projection, position arrangement and operator postures, rather than the beam energy, lead equivalent thickness and size of glasses, are the decisive factors for protection effectiveness of lead glasses. This analysis of influencing factors aimed to provide references for the research and clinical practices of eye lens protection.

Progress in the development of operational intervention levels for reactor emergencies

Xu Xiaoxiao, Zhang Jiangang, Tang Rongyao, Yang Yapeng, Feng Zongyang, Jia Linsheng

RADIATION PROTECTION. 2017, 37(6): 515-522.

Abstract ( 54 )

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An Operational Intervention Levels (OILs) is a type of action level that can be used immediately and directly (without further assessment) to determine the appropriate protective actions and other response actions on the basis of environmental measurements. This paper described the development of the concept of OILS and its evolvement as well as the default values of different versions and corresponding protective actions. Taking the Fukushima accident as an example, the differences of the earlier and late OILs versions in application of emergency actions were analyzed and compared.

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