铀尾矿库氡析出机理及其影响因素研究进展

Abstract

Abstract: Radon generates from porous emanation media such as soil, uranium mill tailing and rock. The sediment surface of uranium mill tailing accumulation is always in direct contact to atmospheric environment. Radon transports from soil to air and distributes homogeneously in the surroundings while alternative cover is designed to satisfy the management control of uranium mill tailing. This paper presents a literature review of radon migration process and its influence factors in uranium mill tailing, which illustrates the mechanism of the emanation characteristics of porous media and meteorological conditions on radon exhalation from uranium mill tailing. A lot of such studies have been carried out by scholars at home and abroad, but due to different experimental scale and research methods, the interpretation of the influence of mineral grain characteristics on radon exhalation mechanism is still controversial, and the influence mechanism of external meteorological environment and other factors on radon exhalation on the surface of uranium mill tailing pond is still unclear. Therefore, further work is proposed: (1) the characterization of radon exhalation process under natural conditions; (2) large-scale experiment is to be carried out for the influence mechanism of porous emanation media on radon exhalation from uranium mill tailing.

Key words: uranium mill tailing pond, soil-covering method, porous emanation media, radon exhalation

CLC Number:

TL75+2

LIANG Kaiqi, HONG Changshou, CHEN Zhibin, ZHAO Tianji, WANG Hong, LI Xiangyang, LIU Yong. Mechanisms and factors affecting radon exhalation from surface of uranium mill tailing pond with compacted soil cover: An overview[J].RADIATION PROTECTION, 2023, 43(2): 97-113.

References

[1] 秦宗会, 谢兵. 氡的特性、来源及国家控制标准[J]. 中国西部科技, 2011, 10(20): 4-5+18.
QIN Z, XIE B. The characteristic, source and government standard of radon[J]. Science and Technology of West China, 2011, 10(20): 4-5+18.
[2] Waggitt P. A review of worldwide practices for disposal of uranium mill tailings[M]. Australia: Australian Government Publishing Service, 1994.
[3] Silker W B, Kalkwarf D R. Radon diffusion in candidate soils for covering uranium mill tailings:NUREG/CR-2924[R]. United States: N. P.,1983.
[4] Waugh W, Smith G, Bergman-Tabbert D, et al. Evolution of cover systems for the uranium mill tailings remedial action project, USA[J]. Mine Water and the Environment, 2001, 20: 190-197.
[5] 潘英杰. 浅谈国外铀尾矿库的退役治理[J]. 铀矿冶, 1998, 17(2): 102-110.
PAN Y J. Decommissioning management of foreign uranium mill tailings ponds[J]. Uranium Mining and Metallurgy,1998,17(2):102-110.
[6] IAEA.Current practices for the management and confinement of uranium mill tailings[M]. Vienna:International Atomic Energy Agency,1992.
[7] Hassan N M, Hosoda M, Ishikawa T, et al. Radon migration process and its influence factors; Review[J]. Japanese Journal of Health Physics, 2009, 44(2): 218-231.
[8] Graaf E, Witteman G A A, Van der Spoel W, et al.Measurements on, and modelling of diffusive and advective radon transport in soil[J]. Radiation Protection Dosimetry, 1994, 56: 167-170.
[9] Van Der Spoel W H, Van Der Graaf E R, De Meijer R J. Combined diffusive and advective transport of radon in a homogeneous column of dry sand[J]. Health Physics, 1998, 74(1): 48-63.
[10] Schery S D, Gaeddert D H, Wilkening M H. Factors affecting exhalation of radon from a gravelly sandy loam[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research, 1984, 89(D5): 7299-7309.
[11] Kristiansson K, Malmqvist L. Evidence for nondiffusive transport of ²²²Rn in the ground and a new physical model for the transport[J]. Geophysics, 1982, 47(10): 1444-1452.
[12] Folger P F, Poeter E, Wantye R B, et al. ²²²Rn transport in a fractured crystalline rock aquifer: results from numerical simulations[J]. Journal of Hydrology, 1997, 195(1-4): 45-77.
[13] Trique M, Richon P, Perrier F, et al. Radon emanation and electric potential variations associated with transient deformation near reservoir lakes[J]. Nature, 1999, 399(6732): 137-141.
[14] Zafrir H, Barbosa S M, Malik U. Differentiation between the effect of temperature and pressure on radon within the subsurface geological media[J]. Radiation Measurements, 2013, 49: 39-56.
[15] 张炜. 覆岩采动裂隙及其含水性的氡气地表探测机理研究[D]. 徐州: 中国矿业大学, 2012.
ZHANG W. Mechanism research on detecting mining-induced fractures and its aquosity in overlying strata by radon on surface[D]. Xuzhou:China University of Mining and Technology,2012.
[16] 李咏梅. 铀尾矿氡析出的动力学机理研究[D]. 衡阳: 南华大学, 2018.
LI Y. Research on the dynamics mechanism of radon exhalation from uranium tailings[D]. Hengyang:University of South China, 2018.
[17] 张哲, 朱民安, 张永祥. 地下工程与人居环境氡防护技术[M]. 北京: 原子能出版社, 2010.
ZHANG Z, ZHU M, ZHANG Y. Radon protection technology in underground engineering and human settlement environment[M]. Beijing:Atomic Energy Press, 2010.
[18] Ferry C, Richon P, Beneito A, et al. Radon exhalation from uranium mill tailings: experimental validation of a 1-D model[J]. Journal of Environmental Radioactivity, 2001, 54(1): 99-108.
[19] Panigrahi D C, Mishra D P, Sahu P. Evaluation of inhalation exposure contributed by backfill mill tailings in underground uranium mine[J]. Environmental Earth Sciences, 2015, 74(5): 4327-4334.
[20] Rogers V C, Nielson K K. Multiphase radon generation and transport in porous materials[J]. Health Physics, 1991, 60(6): 807-815.
[21] Tanner A B. Radon migration in the ground: a supplementary review:CONF-780422--(VOL.1)[R]. United States: Department of Energy, Oak Ridge, TN (USA), 1980: 5-56.
[22] Internationale Atomenergie-Organisation. Measurement and calculation of radon releases from NORM residues[R]. Vienna: Internat. Atomic Energy Agency, 2013.
[23] 谭凯旋, 刘泽华, 王国全. 铀尾矿氡析出的分形动力学与环境治理[M]. 北京: 科学出版社, 2016.
TAN K, LIU Z, WANG G. Fractal dynamics of radon exhalation from uranium tailings and environmental remediation[M]. Beijing:Science Press, 2016.
[24] Schumann R R. The radon emanation coefficient:an important tool for geologic radon potential estimations[A]. 1993: 40-47.
[25] Nazaroff W W. Radon transport from soil to air[J]. Reviews of Geophysics, 1992, 30(2): 137-160.
[26] Arnold B W. Radon transport//Ho C K, Webb S W. Gas transport in porous media[M]. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2006: 333-338.
[27] Sasaki T, Gunji Y, Okuda T. Mathematical modeling of radon emanation[J]. Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology, 2004, 41(2): 142-151.
[28] Kathren R L. Radioactivity in the environment: Sources, distribution and surveillance[M]. United States: Harvard Academic Publishers, 1984.
[29] Flügge S, Zimens Κ E. Die Bestimmung von Korngrößen und von Diffusionskonstanten aus dem Emaniervermögen: (Die Theorie der Emaniermethode.)[J]. Zeitschrift für Physikalische Chemie, Oldenbourg Wissenschaftsverlag, 1939, 42B(1): 179-220.
[30] Nazaroff W W, Nero A V. Radon and its decay products in indoor air[M]. New York: John Wiley and Sons Inc, 1988.
[31] Griffiths A D, Zahorowski W, Element A, et al. A map of radon flux at the Australian land surface[J]. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 2010, 10(18): 8969-8982.
[32] Rogers V C, Nielson K K. Correlations for predicting air permeabilities and ²²²Rn diffusion coefficients of soils[J]. Health Physics, 1991, 61(2): 225-230.
[33] Muñoz E, Frutos B, Olaya M, et al. A finite element model development for simulation of the impact of slab thickness, joints, and membranes on indoor radon concentration[J]. Journal of Environmental Radioactivity, 2017, 177: 280-289.
[34] Chauhan R P, Chakarvarti S K. Radon diffusion through soil and fly ash: Effect of compaction[J]. Radiation Measurements, 2002, 35(2): 143-146.
[35] 刘洪涛. 土壤氡迁移数值模拟及土壤氡对流速度的研究[D]. 北京: 中国地质大学(北京), 2018.
LIU H. Study on the numerical simulation of soil radon migration and soil radon convective velocity[D]. Beijing:China University of Geosciences,2018.
[36] 白云生, 林玉飞, 常桂兰, 等. 铀矿找矿中氡的迁移机制和测量的影响因素[J]. 中国核科技报告, 1996: 86-94.
BAI Y, LIN Y, CHANG G, et al. Migration mechanism of radon and influencing factors of radon measurement in uranium prospecting[J]. China Nuclear Science and Technology Report, 1996:86-94.
[37] King C Y, Minissale A. Seasonal variability of soil-gas radon concentration in central California[J]. Radiation Measurements, 1994, 23(4): 683-692.
[38] Mishra D P, Sahu P, Panigrahi D C, et al. Assessment of ²²²Rn emanation from ore body and backfill tailings in low-grade underground uranium mine[J]. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2014, 21(3): 2305-2312.
[39] Panigrahi D C, Sahu P, Mishra D P, et al. Assessment of inhalation exposure potential of broken uranium ore piles in low-grade uranium mine[J]. Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry, 2014, 302(1): 433-439.
[40] Sahu P, Mishra D P, Panigrahi D C, et al. Radon emanation from low-grade uranium ore[J]. Journal of Environmental Radioactivity, 2013, 126: 104-114.
[41] Jagadeesha B G, Narayana Y. Radium and radon exhalation rate in soil samples of Hassan district of South Karnataka,India[J]. Radiation Protection Dosimetry, 2016, 171(2): 238-242.
[42] Lawrence C E, Akber R A, Bollhöfer A, et al. Radon-222 exhalation from open ground on and around a uranium mine in the wet-dry tropics[J]. Journal of Environmental Radioactivity, 2009, 100(1): 1-8.
[43] Sahu P, Mishra D P, Panigrahi D C, et al. Radon emanation from backfilled mill tailings in underground uranium mine[J]. Journal of Environmental Radioactivity, 2014, 130: 15-21.
[44] Sahoo B K, Mayya Y S, Sapra B K, et al. Radon exhalation studies in an Indian uranium tailings pile[J]. Radiation Measurements, 2010, 45(2): 237-241.
[45] Cothern C R, Smith J E. Environmental radon[M]. Boston,MA: Springer US, 1987.
[46] Levinson A A, Bland C J, Dean J R. Uranium series disequilibrium in young surficial uranium deposits in southern British Columbia[J]. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, 1984, 21(5): 559-566.
[47] Morawska L, Phillips C R. Dependence of the radon emanation coefficient on radium distribution and internal structure of the material[J]. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 1993, 57(8): 1783-1797.
[48] Landa E R. Radium-226 contents and Rn emanation coefficients of particle-size fractions of alkaline, acid and mixed U mill tailings[J]. Health Physics, 1987, 52(3): 303-310.
[49] Sakoda A, Hanamoto K, Ishimori Y, et al. First model of the effect of grain size on radon emanation[J]. Applied Radiation and Isotopes, 2010, 68(6): 1169-1172.
[50] Sasaki T, Gunji Y, Okuda T.Mathematical modeling of radon emanation[J]. Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology, 2004, 41(2): 142-151.
[51] Markkanen M, Arvela H. Radon emanation from soils[J]. Radiation Protection Dosimetry, 1992, 45(1-4): 269-272.
[52] De Martino S, Sabbarese C, Monetti G. Radon emanation and exhalation rates from soils measured with an electrostatic collector[J]. Applied Radiation and Isotopes, 1998, 49(4): 407-413.
[53] Hassan N M, Hosoda M, Ishikawa T, et al. Radon migration process and its influence factors:Review[J]. Japanese Journal of Health Physics, 2009, 44(2): 218-231.
[54] Phong Thu H N, Van Thang N, Hao L C. The effects of some soil characteristics on radon emanation and diffusion[J]. Journal of Environmental Radioactivity, 2020, 216: 106189.
[55] Nielson K K, Rogers V C, Gee G W. Diffusion of radon through soils: A pore distribution model[J]. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 1984, 48(3): 482-487.
[56] Shweikani R, Giaddui T G, Durrani S A.The effect of soil parameters on the radon concentration values in the environment[J]. Radiation Measurements, 1995, 25(1-4): 581-584.
[57] McPherson M J. Subsurface ventilation and environmental engineering[M]. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1993.
[58] 万建华, 于长春, 熊盛青, 等. 氡气法反演燃烧煤层深度新方法[J]. 物探与化探, 2007,31(6): 556-559.
WAN J, YU C, XIONG S, et al. A novel method for inversion of coal seam depth[J]. Geophysical & Geochemical Exploration, 2007,31(6): 556-559.
[59] Iskandar D, Yamazawa H, Iida T. Quantification of the dependency of radon emanation power on soil temperature[J]. Applied Radiation and Isotopes, 2004, 60(6): 971-973.
[60] Stranden E, Kolstad A, Lind B. The influence of moisture and temperature on radon exhalation[J]. Radiation Protection Dosimetry, 1984, 7(1-4): 55-58.
[61] 张忠相, 李向阳, 邓文辉, 等. 温度对多孔射气介质氡析出影响试验研究[J]. 工业安全与环保, 2016, 42(6): 30-32.
ZHANG Z, LI X, DENG W, et al. The experimental research on the impact of temperature on porous medium emanation radon exhalation[J]. Industrial Safety and Environmental Protection, 2016, 42(6): 30-32.
[62] IAEA.Radon in uranium mining: Proceedings of a panel on radon in uranium mining[M]. Panel on Radon in Uranium Mining, Washington, D. C.,1975.
[63] Gurau D, Stanga D, Dragusin M, et al. Review of the principal mechanism of radon in the environment[J]. Romanian Journal of Physics, 2014, 59(9-10): 904-911.
[64] Strong K P, Levins D M. Effect of moisture content on radon emanation from uranium ore and tailings[J]. Health Physics, 1982, 42(1): 27-32.
[65] Sahu P, Panigrahi D C, Mishra D P. A comprehensive review on sources of radon and factors affecting radon concentration in underground uranium mines[J]. Environmental Earth Sciences, 2016, 75(7): 617.
[66] Hosoda M, Shimo M, Sugino M, et al. Effect of soil moisture content on radon and thoron exhalation[J]. Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology, 2007, 44(4): 664-672.
[67] Menetrez M Y, Mosley R B, Snoddy R, et al. Evaluation of radon emanation from soil with varying moisture content in a soil chamber[J]. Environment International, 1996, 22(S1): 447-453.
[68] Kovach E M.Meteorological influences upon the radon-content of soil-gas[J]. Transactions, American Geophysical Union, 1945, 26(2): 241.
[69] Ball T K, Nicholson R A, Peachey D. Effects of meteorological variables on certain soil gases used to detect buried ore deposits[J]. Institution of Mining and Metallurgy Transactions, 1983, 92: 183-190.
[70] Lindmark A, Rosen B. Radon in soil gas—Exhalation tests and in situ measurements[J]. Science of The Total Environment, 1985, 45: 397-404.
[71] Schumann R R, Owen D E, Asher-Bolinder S. Weather factors affecting soil-gas radon concentrations at a single site in the semiarid western U.S.[R]. Department of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 1988: 13.
[72] Segovia N, Seidel J L, Monnin M. Variations of radon in soils induced by external factors[J]. Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry Letters, 1987, 119(3): 199-209.
[73] Klusman R W, Jaacks J A. Environmental influences upon mercury, radon and helium concentrations in soil gases at a site near Denver, Colorado[J]. Journal of Geochemical Exploration, 1987, 27(3): 259-280.
[74] Monnin M M, Seidel J L. Radon and geophysics: Recent advances[J]. International Journal of Radiation Applications and Instrumentation. Part D. Nuclear Tracks and Radiation Measurements, 1991, 19(1-4): 375-382.
[75] Gaso M I, Cervantes M L, Segovia N, et al. Atmospheric radon concentration levels[J]. Radiation Measurements, 1994, 23(1): 225-230.
[76] Sundal A V, Valen V, Soldal O, et al. The influence of meteorological parameters on soil radon levels in permeable glacial sediments[J]. Science of The Total Environment, 2008, 389(2-3): 418-428.
[77] Crockett R, Groves-Kirkby C, Denman A, et al. Significant annual and sub-annual cycles in indoor radon concentrations: seasonal variation and correction[J]. Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 2018, 451(1): 35-47.
[78] Gavriliev S, Petrova T, Miklyaev P, et al. Variations in soil radon levels during winter and spring periods[J]. Radiation Protection Dosimetry, 2020, 191(2): 250-254.
[79] Schery S D, Gaeddert D H. Measurements of the effect of cyclic atmospheric pressure variation on the flux of ²²² Rn from the soil[J]. Geophysical Research Letters, 1982, 9(8): 835-838.
[80] 苏日娜. 大气压力变化对于土壤氡析出率的影响[D]. 北京: 中国地质大学, 2008.
SU R N. Atmospheric pressure fluctuation effects on soil radon exhalation[D]. Beijing:China University of Geosciences, 2018.
[81] 程冠, 程建平, 郭秋菊. 土壤氡析出率影响因素及估算模型[J]. 中华放射医学与防护杂志, 2006, 26(05): 520-524.
CHENG G, CHENG J, GUO Q. Influencing factors and mathematical model of soil radon exhalation rates[J]. Chinese Journal of Radiological Medicine and Protection, 2006, 26(5): 520-524.
[82] Firstov P P, Ponomarev E A, Cherneva N V, et al. On the effects of air pressure variations on radon exhalation into the atmosphere[J]. Journal of Volcanology and Seismology, 2007, 1(6): 397-404.
[83] Fujiyoshi R, Sakamoto K, Imanishi T, et al. Meteorological parameters contributing to variability in ²²²Rn activity concentrations in soil gas at a site in Sapporo, Japan[J]. Science of The Total Environment, 2006, 370(1): 224-234.
[84] Asher-Bolinder S, Owen D E, Schumann R R. Pedologic and climatic controls on Rn-222 concentrations in soil gas, Denver, Colorado[J]. Geophysical Research Letters, 1990, 17(6): 825-828.
[85] Chan S W, Lee C W, Tsui K C. Atmospheric radon in Hong Kong[J]. Journal of Environmental Radioactivity, 2010, 101(6): 494-503.
[86] Kovach E M. Diurnal variations of the radon-content of soil-gas[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research, 1946, 51(1): 45.
[87] Gates A E, Gundersen L C S. Geologic controls on radon[M]. Geological Society of America, 1992.
[88] Megumi K, Mamuro T. Radon and thoron exhalation from the ground[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research, 1973, 78(11): 1804-1808.
[89] Bowles C G, Reimer G M. Short-term fluctuations in barometric pressure, soil-gas radon, and gamma radiation:Open-File Report, 91-641[R]. U.S. Geological Survey, 1991.
[90] Gavriliev S, Petrova T, Miklyaev P, et al. Variations in soil radon levels during winter and spring periods[J]. Radiation Protection Dosimetry, 2020, 191(2): 250-254.
[91] Sasaki T, Gunji Y, Okuda T. Theoretical study of high radon emanation[J]. Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology, 2005, 42(2): 242-249.

Mechanisms and factors affecting radon exhalation from surface of uranium mill tailing pond with compacted soil cover: An overview

PDF (PC)

Like

Knowledge

Abstract

Cite this article

share this article

References

Related Articles 6

Metrics

Comments

Recommended 10

[1]	WANG Hong, HE Runcheng, LIU Yong, HONG Changshou, LI Xiangyang, LUO Mengke, WANG Jianmin. Experimental study on the radon exhalation from the soil overburden of uranium tailing pond under prefabricated fractures [J]. RADIATION PROTECTION, 2022, 42(6): 603-610.
[2]	LONG Shuqin, XIE Yanshi, TAN Kaixuan, ZHANG Minghua, SHAN Jian, WANG Sheng. Research progress on influencing factors of radon exhalation in granite [J]. RADIATION PROTECTION, 2022, 42(1): 11-17.
[3]	ZHOU Zidan, XIAO Detao, XIAO Yongjun, SUN Changhao, SONG Shiyu, WANG Libin, LI Weiwei. Study on outdoor radon level in Chejiang copper mine [J]. RADIATION PROTECTION, 2019, 39(3): 202-206.
[4]	Zhang Hui, Xu Lechang, Li Xianjie. Comparison on radon suppression effects of covering tests between waste rock heap and tailing ponds [J]. RADIATION PROTECTION, 2017, 37(5): 387-392.
[5]	Deng Huijuan, Xiao Detao, Qiu Shoukang, He Zhengzhong, Ju Zhihao, Xiao Feng. Reduction of radon exhalation rate through soil modified with bentonite/lime powder [J]. RADIATION PROTECTION, 2017, 37(4): 280-286.
[6]	Ye Yongjun, Dai Xintao, Ding Dexin, Jiang Juntin, Li Zhi. Theoretical study on law of radon exhalation in radioactive water containing radon [J]. RADIATION PROTECTION, 2017, 37(1): 56-61.