Abstract: Radiological protection standards are the guidelines for the development of radiological protection science and its implementation. The crucial role of basic standards for radiological protection is self-evident. When the four generations of evolution and updates of China′s basic standards for radiological protection have attracted high attention from all sectors of society, it is necessary to simultaneously address the standardization of relevant professional terminology concepts. Therefore, this article carefully analyzes and identifies the main five Whys perspectives. ①Why should the abbreviation for "protection against ionizing radiation" be "radiological protection" instead of "radiation protection"? ②Why it is necessary to scientifically and rigorously analyze the "source term" that radiological protection focuses on in order to select the right keywords and avoid ambiguity? ③Why is the translation of relevant terms in the ICRP radiological protection system, which serves as the main basis for formulating radiological protection standards, primarily focused on the pursuit of accurate expression? ④Why it is necessary to "bring order out of chaos" for professional terminology concepts within the fields of nuclear science and technology as well as radiological protection? ⑤Why must the whole society uphold and adhere to the spirit of science and rigorous work style, and should never tolerate the unhealthy trend of abusing professional terminology and concepts? It is hoped that this article will serve as a catalyst to build common understanding and promote better and more dynamic development of nuclear science and technology, their wide-ranging applications and the closely related science of radiological protection.

Key words: radiological protection, basic standards, terminology, basic concept, identify