Abstract: Bone marrow is an ionizing radiation (IR) sensitive organ and short-term exposure to a certain dose of IR could cause damage to hematopoietic system, resulting in rapid decrease in white blood cells and platelets. In severe cases, IR may lead death due to serious bleeding and infection. Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is important specialist treatment technology in bone marrow form of acute radiation sickness (ARS) from external IR. However, there are currently very few actual rescue cases available for reference. In order to improve the treatment ability of ARS patients, some research and exploration on the application of HSCT in the therapy of ARS were carried out, so as to further accumulate experience and technology related to the management of ARS.

Key words: ionizing radiation, acute radiation sickness, radiation injury, hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, total bone marrow radiotherapy