宁夏石嘴山市玉米和水稻中的放射性核素含量及其所致居民年有效剂量

辐射防护通讯 ›› 2023, Vol. 43 ›› Issue (1): 15-20.

宁夏石嘴山市玉米和水稻中的放射性核素含量及其所致居民年有效剂量

窦志娟, 李佐有, 赵德才, 杨秀龙, 叶敏生

宁夏核地质调查院,宁夏银川, 750021

收稿日期:2022-08-30 出版日期:2023-02-20 发布日期:2023-04-17
作者简介:窦志娟(1989—),女,2012年7月毕业于长安大学地质学专业,学士;2015年7月毕业于中国地质科学院矿物学、岩石学、矿床学专业,硕士,工程师。E-mail:1035066778@qq.com

Contents of Radionuclides in Corn and Rice and their Annual Effective Doses in Shizuishan of Ningxia

Dou Zhijuan, Li Zuoyou, Zhao Decai, Yang Xiulong, Ye Mingsheng

Nuclear Geological Survey Institute of Ningxia,Yingchuan 750021

Received:2022-08-30 Online:2023-02-20 Published:2023-04-17

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 目的了解研究区玉米和水稻中的放射性核素含量及其所致居民年有效剂量,为提高食品安全、保障群众健康提供科学依据。方法依据相关标准在调查区域内采集玉米和水稻共30个样品进行²³⁸U、²²⁶Ra和²³²Th检测,对检测结果进行处理与分析。结果玉米中²³⁸U、²²⁶Ra、²³²Th活度浓度均值分别为0.003 5、0.063和0.004 Bq/kg;水稻中²³⁸U、²²⁶Ra、²³²Th活度浓度均值分别为0.108 8、0.751和0.135 Bq/kg。计算得到天然放射性核素通过食入途径所致成年城镇和乡村居民年有效剂量分别为 0.021 3和0.019 6 mSv/a。结论天然放射性核素主要通过水稻的食入进入人体,且食入后不会对居民的健康造成影响。

关键词: 放射性核素含量, 玉米, 水稻, 年有效剂量, 宁夏石嘴山

Abstract: Objective In order to know the levels of radionuclides in corn and rice in the studied area, and their annual effective dose to the local residents caused by different crops, so as to provide a scientific basis for improving food safety and protecting people’s health. Methods According to the methods specified in the national standards, the three natural radionuclides of ²³⁸U, ²²⁶Ra, and ²³²Th were measured in 30 corn and rice samples, and the results were processed and analyzed. Results The average activity concentrations of ²³⁸U, ²²⁶Ra, and ²³²Th in corn were 0.003 5, 0.063, and 0.004 Bq/kg respectively; the average activity concentrations of ²³⁸U, ²²⁶Ra, and ²³²Th in rice were 0.108 8, 0.751, and 0.135 Bq/kg respectively. Conclusion Rice is easier to accumulate natural radionuclides than corn. Activity concentration of radioactive substances in corn and rice samples in the studied area is much lower than the limit specified in the national standard and the world average. The internal radiation dose of residents caused by ingestion is much lower than the personal dose guidelines for food-induced exposure under existing exposure conditions, and it will not affect the health of residents after ingestion.

Key words: Radionuclide content, Corn, Rice, Annual effective dose, Shizuishan, Ningxia

中图分类号:

R144

窦志娟, 李佐有, 赵德才, 杨秀龙, 叶敏生. 宁夏石嘴山市玉米和水稻中的放射性核素含量及其所致居民年有效剂量[J]. 辐射防护通讯, 2023, 43(1): 15-20.

Dou Zhijuan, Li Zuoyou, Zhao Decai, Yang Xiulong, Ye Mingsheng. Contents of Radionuclides in Corn and Rice and their Annual Effective Doses in Shizuishan of Ningxia[J]. RADIATION PROTECTION BULLETIN, 2023, 43(1): 15-20.

参考文献

[1] Fredrick Oghenebrorie Ugbede, Okhuomaruyi David Osahon. Soil-to-plant transfer factors of ²³⁸U and ²³²Th in rice from Ezillo paddy fields, Ebonyi State, Nigeria[J]. Journal of Environmental Radioactivity, 2021, 233:106606.
[2] 何超, 涂彧. 放射性核素从土壤向生物体转移的研究[J]. 中国辐射卫生, 2007, 16(4):502-503.
[3] UNSCEAR. Sources, effects and risks of ionizing radiation[C]//2000 Report to the General Assembly with Annex B: Exposures from Natural Sources of Radiation. New York: 2000.
[4] Akhter P, Rahman K, Orfi S D, et al. Radiological impact of dietary intakes of naturally occurring radionuclides on Pakistani adults[J]. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 2007, 45(2):272-277.
[5] Hashim A K, Najam L A. Radium and uranium concentrations measurements in vegetables samples ofIraq[J]. Detection, 2015(3):21-28.
[6] 中华人民共和国国家卫生和计划生育委员会. 食品中放射性物质镭-226和镭-228的测定:GB 14883. 6—2016[S]. 北京:中国标准出版社, 2016.
[7] 中华人民共和国国家卫生和计划生育委员会. 食品中放射性物质天然钍和铀的测定:GB 14883. 7—2016[S]. 北京:中国标准出版社, 2016.
[8] 尹明, 李家熙. 岩石矿物分析(第四版)[M]. 北京:地质出版社, 2011.
[9] 中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局. 电离辐射防护与辐射源安全基本标准:GB 18871—2002[S]. 北京:中国标准出版社, 2002.
[10] 李立明, 饶克勤, 孔灵芝, 等. 中国居民2002年营养与健康状况调查[J]. 中华流行病学杂志, 2005, 26(7):478－484.
[11] IAEA. Handbook of parameter values for the prediction of radionuclide transfer in terrestrial and freshwater environment[R]. IAEA Technical Report Series No. 472. Vienna:IAEA, 2010.
[12] IAEA. Protection and Safety of Radiation Sources:International Basic Safety Standards[S]. IAEA Safety Standards Series No. GSR Part3. Radiation Vienna:IAEA, 2014.
[13] 张秀莲, 贺良国, 董强, 等. 乐山市食品中放射性核素含量及其所致居民有效待积剂量当量[J]. 职业卫生与病伤, 2008, 23(6):335-338.
[14] 朱银莹, 牟胜, 樊芳, 等. 云南省部分地区大米和玉米放射性核素水平调查[J]. 中华放射医学与防护杂志, 2020, 40(7):536-539.
[15] 冯兰英, 马一龙, 雷家杰. 广西防城港核电站运行前周边地区食品放射性水平及所致居民年剂量估算[J]. 中国辐射卫生, 2017, 26(5):511-514.
[16] 中华人民共和国卫生部. 食品中放射性物质限制浓度标准:GB 14882—1994[S]. 北京:中国标准出版社, 1994.