Abstract: With the increasing demand for satellite earth observation, the importance of missing planning for imaging satellites has become prominent. Currently, the autonomous task planning algorithm for imaging satellites is limited by the satellite’s own computational and storage capabilities, and its engineering application is still in the developmental stage. Imaging mission planning mainly relies on manual expertise from the ground. In this paper, based on the different motion characteristics of high speed and low speed targets in satellite observation, combined with the satellite platform’s attitude maneuvering performance, an imaging satellite adaptive observation planning algorithm based on orbit extrapolation is proposed. By continuously predicting changes in the target trajectory using Lagrange interpolation to construct an optimal objective function,intermittent pure pursuit is computed, and adaptive observations are implemented. This method utilizes the ground system to compensate for the limitations of onboard computation and storage capabilities, achieving rapid target tracking and trajectory prediction, improving response timeliness, and extending satellite imaging time.

Key words: imaging satellite, target tracking observation, low speed target, high speed target