中国科技核心期刊

中文核心期刊

CSCD来源期刊

空间控制技术与应用 ›› 2013, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (1): 1-9.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-1579.2013.01.001

• 学术研究 • 上一篇    下一篇

火星探测器MGS推进系统设计、飞行和启示

  

  • 出版日期:2013-02-24 发布日期:2013-02-26

Design, Flight Performance, and Enlightenments of the Mars Global Surveyor Propulsion System

  • Online:2013-02-24 Published:2013-02-26

摘要:  MO(Mars Observer)是20世纪80年代在NASA“快”、“好”、“省”的精神指引下设计建造的,由于过分强调进度和成本控制,导致探测器可靠性非常差,1993年在进入火星轨道前3天发生故障,失去与地面联系,导致任务失败.由于遥测丢失,无法确切判定具体故障.MGS(Mars Global Surveyor)作为MO的替代星,吸取了MO的经验教训,采取了很多的冗余和隔离措施,大幅度提高了系统可靠性,在有限经费和短短的16个月就完成了研制,1996年11月发射,推进系统表现良好,飞行任务取得圆满成功.中国将逐步开展以火星探测为代表的深空探测活动,推进系统作为探测器的核心分系统,其可靠性、安全性直接决定任务的成败,回顾美国NASA在MO和MGS上的经历,详细分析了MGS的在轨飞行表现,以期为中国深空探测器及长寿命卫星推进系统的设计借鉴.

关键词: 推进系统, MGS, 发动机

Abstract: Mars Observer (MO) was envisioned to be the first of a series of spacecraft, known as the observer series, which were the early 1980’s version of the “faster, better, cheaper” mantra that was to be adopted by NASA during the following decade. Contact with the MO spacecraft was lost in August 1993, three days before it was to have entered orbit around the planet Mars. Due to the lack of telemetry, it was never possible to determine with certainty what caused the loss of the spacecraft, and review boards were only able to narrow the probable cause of the failure to a handful of credible failure modes. The Mars Global Surveyor (MGS) spacecraft was designed as a replacement for the failed Mars Observer (MO) mission. The propulsion system was designed and developed in 16 months to meet the aggressive schedule and cost targets. The MGS spacecraft was launched on November 6, 1996. Major propulsion system events were all performed as expected. China will initiate a series of deep space exploration, the reliability and safety of propulsion system is extreme important to the spacecraft. This paper presents an overview of the potential failure modes identified by the JPL review board. The design and flight performance along with some enlightenments is presented herein.

Key words: propulsion system, MGS, engine

中图分类号: 

  • 推进系统